Origin and evolution of the Amazonian craton

The Amazonian craton appears to be formed and modifed by processes much like those of the better-known Precambrian cratons, but the major events did not always follow conventional sequences nor did they occur synchronously with those of other cratons. Much of the craton's Archean style continental crust formation, recorded in granite-greenstone and high-grade terranes, occurred in the Early Proterozoic: a period of relative quiescence in many other Precambrian regions. The common Archean to Proterozoic transition in geological style did not occur here, but an analogous change from abundant marine volcanism to dominantly continental sedimentary and eruptive styles occurred later. Amazonian geology is summarized, explaining the evolution of the craton

The influence of oscillations on energy estimates for damped wave models with time-dependent propagation speed and dissipation

The aim of this paper is to derive higher order energy estimates for solutions to the Cauchy problem for damped wave models with time-dependent propagation speed and dissipation. The model of interest is \begin{equation*} u_{tt}-\lambda^2(t)\omega^2(t)\Delta u +\rho(t)\omega(t)u_t=0, \quad u(0,x)=u_0(x), \,\, u_t(0,x)=u_1(x). \end{equation*} The coefficients $\lambda=\lambda(t)$ and $\rho=\rho(t)$ are shape functions and $\omega=\omega(t)$ is an oscillating function. If $\omega(t)\equiv1$ and $\rho(t)u_t$ is an "effective" dissipation term, then $L^2-L^2$ energy estimates are proved in [2]. In contrast, the main goal of the present paper is to generalize the previous results to coefficients including an oscillating function in the time-dependent coefficients. We will explain how the interplay between the shape functions and oscillating behavior of the coefficient will influence energy estimates.Comment: 37 pages, 2 figure

Spectroscopy of 19^{19}Ne for the thermonuclear 15^{15}O(α,γ\alpha,\gamma)19^{19}Ne and 18^{18}F(p,αp,\alpha)15^{15}O reaction rates

Uncertainties in the thermonuclear rates of the $^{15}$O($\alpha,\gamma$)$^{19}$Ne and $^{18}$F($p,\alpha$)$^{15}$O reactions affect model predictions of light curves from type I X-ray bursts and the amount of the observable radioisotope $^{18}$F produced in classical novae, respectively. To address these uncertainties, we have studied the nuclear structure of $^{19}$Ne over $E_{x} = 4.0 - 5.1$ MeV and $6.1 - 7.3$ MeV using the $^{19}$F($^{3}$He,t)$^{19}$Ne reaction. We find the $J^{\pi}$ values of the 4.14 and 4.20 MeV levels to be consistent with $9/2^{-}$ and $7/2^{-}$ respectively, in contrast to previous assumptions. We confirm the recently observed triplet of states around 6.4 MeV, and find evidence that the state at 6.29 MeV, just below the proton threshold, is either broad or a doublet. Our data also suggest that predicted but yet unobserved levels may exist near the 6.86 MeV state. Higher resolution experiments are urgently needed to further clarify the structure of $^{19}$Ne around the proton threshold before a reliable $^{18}$F($p,\alpha$)$^{15}$O rate for nova models can be determined.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Phys. Rev. C (in press

The XXZ model with anti-periodic twisted boundary conditions

We derive functional equations for the eigenvalues of the XXZ model subject to anti-diagonal twisted boundary conditions by means of fusion of transfer matrices and by Sklyanin's method of separation of variables. Our findings coincide with those obtained using Baxter's method and are compared to the recent solution of Galleas. As an application we study the finite size scaling of the ground state energy of the model in the critical regime.Comment: 22 pages and 3 figure

Production of 26Al in stellar hydrogen-burning environments: spectroscopic properties of states in 27Si

Model predictions of the amount of the radioisotope 26Al produced in hydrogen-burning environments require reliable estimates of the thermonuclear rates for the 26gAl(p,{\gamma})27Si and 26mAl(p,{\gamma})27Si reactions. These rates depend upon the spectroscopic properties of states in 27Si within about 1 MeV of the 26gAl+p threshold (Sp = 7463 keV). We have studied the 28Si(3He,{\alpha})27Si reaction at 25 MeV using a high-resolution quadrupole-dipole-dipole-dipole magnetic spectrograph. For the first time with a transfer reaction, we have constrained J{\pi} values for states in 27Si over Ex = 7.0 - 8.1 MeV through angular distribution measurements. Aside from a few important cases, we generally confirm the energies and spin-parity assignments reported in a recent {\gamma}-ray spectroscopy study. The magnitudes of neutron spectroscopic factors determined from shell-model calculations are in reasonable agreement with our experimental values extracted using this reaction.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Is \gamma-ray emission from novae affected by interference effects in the 18F(p,\alpha)15O reaction?

The 18F(p,\alpha)15O reaction rate is crucial for constraining model predictions of the \gamma-ray observable radioisotope 18F produced in novae. The determination of this rate is challenging due to particular features of the level scheme of the compound nucleus, 19Ne, which result in interference effects potentially playing a significant role. The dominant uncertainty in this rate arises from interference between J\pi=3/2+ states near the proton threshold (Sp = 6.411 MeV) and a broad J\pi=3/2+ state at 665 keV above threshold. This unknown interference term results in up to a factor of 40 uncertainty in the astrophysical S-factor at nova temperatures. Here we report a new measurement of states in this energy region using the 19F(3He,t)19Ne reaction. In stark contrast with previous assumptions we find at least 3 resonances between the proton threshold and Ecm=50 keV, all with different angular distributions. None of these are consistent with J\pi= 3/2+ angular distributions. We find that the main uncertainty now arises from the unknown proton-width of the 48 keV resonance, not from possible interference effects. Hydrodynamic nova model calculations performed indicate that this unknown width affects 18F production by at least a factor of two in the model considered.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Magnetism and superconductivity driven by identical 4ff states in a heavy-fermion metal

The apparently inimical relationship between magnetism and superconductivity has come under increasing scrutiny in a wide range of material classes, where the free energy landscape conspires to bring them in close proximity to each other. This is particularly the case when these phases microscopically interpenetrate, though the manner in which this can be accomplished remains to be fully comprehended. Here, we present combined measurements of elastic neutron scattering, magnetotransport, and heat capacity on a prototypical heavy fermion system, in which antiferromagnetism and superconductivity are observed. Monitoring the response of these states to the presence of the other, as well as to external thermal and magnetic perturbations, points to the possibility that they emerge from different parts of the Fermi surface. This enables a single 4$f$ state to be both localized and itinerant, thus accounting for the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure