Quirks and Challenges in the Design and Verification of Efficient, High-Load Real-Time Software Systems

International audienceExisting concepts for ensuring the correctness of the timing behavior of real-time systems are often based on schedulability analysis methods using exact proofs. Due to the complexity of the scheduling problem, today typically worst case approximations are used to judge the reliability of the timing behavior in software systems. In industrial practice, however, this leads to large safety margins in the design of products which are commercially unacceptable in many application domains. For such highly-efficient systems, schedulability analysis methods that are too pessimistic are of limited benefit. As a consequence, penetration of real-time analysis is suboptimal in the industrial software development, which possibly leads to insufficient quality of the developed products. Therefore, new approaches are needed to support the design and validation of high-load real-time systems with an average CPU load of 90% or above to improve the situation

Introducing Multi-Core at Automotive Engine Systems

International audienceWith the introduction of the new Euro 6, and Euro 7 emission standards for passenger cars, the combustion process of Engine Management Systems (EMS) needs to be controlled with an increased precision.In addition, new vehicle architectures are introduced (increased integration of functions inside an Engine Management System), as well as new SW architectures concepts like AUTOSAR or the support of ISO26262

Deterministic Execution Sequence in Component Based Multi-Contributor Powertrain Control Systems

International audienceModern complex control applications, e.g. engine management systems, typically are built using a component based architecture, enabling the reuse of components and allowing to manage the complexity of the application in terms of functional content, size and interfaces. This approach of independently developed components is supported by the concepts available in AUTOSAR and therefore can be expected to gain increasing importance. However, due to the nature of the task of control applications there still is a strong coupling between individual parts of the components resulting in signal chains and consequently in sequencing requirements. The challenge to get such execution sequences implemented correctly is increased, as often the components are delivered by different and external parties. Our approach extends the idea of functional partitioning of the application into the time domain by defining a system of phases with a fixed sequence and a defined content. This allows to design components right from the beginning into this sequencing frame like they are designed today into the component partitioning frame and to define a system sequencing across different suppliers

Lehrerinnen und Lehrer an Gymnasien: empirische Ergebnisse aus Rheinland-Pfalz und Resultate einer Simulationsstudie

"Im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts 'Einführung und Auswirkung der Koedukation. Eine Untersuchung an ausgewählten Gymnasien des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz' wurden unter anderem alle verfügbaren Daten zur Entwicklung der Zahlen der Schülerinnen und der männlichen Schüler sowie der Lehrerinnen und der männlichen Lehrer an sämtlichen Gymnasien des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz für die Schuljahre 1950/51 bis 1988/89 erhoben. Ziel dieser Datenerhebung war es auch, die Entwicklung des Lehrerinnenanteils an den Lehrkörpern der Gymnasien nachzuzeichnen. Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich die beobachtete empirische Entwicklung mit einem möglichst einfachen Modell erklären läßt. Dem Modell liegen folgende Annahmen zugrunde: Zu Anfang werden die Lehrerinnenanteile an den einzelnen Schulen etwa entsprechend den empirischen initialisiert. Ausscheidende Lehrer werden je etwa zur Hälfte durch männliche Lehrer und durch Lehrerinnen ersetzt, die bei Eintritt 25 bis 30 alt sind. Die Verweildauer beträgt bei den Männern im Mittel 30 Jahre, bei den Frauen im Mittel 15 Jahre. Die Zuweisung von männlichen Lehrern und von Lehrerinnen zu Schulen erfolgt abhängig vom an Schulen herrschenden Zahlenverhältnis. Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, daß sich die Entwicklung der Anteile der Lehrerinnen in den Kollegien von Gymnasien in Rheinland-Pfalz mit einem verblüffend einfachen Modell fast quantitativ nachzeichnen läßt." (Autorenreferat

Post-vernacular language use in a Low German linguistic community

In a time of rapid shift and loss of smaller, regional and minority languages it becomes apparent that many of them continue to play a role as post-vernacular varieties. As Shandler (2006) points out for Yiddish in the United States, some languages serve the purpose of identity-building within a community even after they have ceased to be used as a vernacular for daily communication. This occurs according to Shandler through a number of cultural practices, such as amateur theatre, music and folklore, translation, attempts to learn the language in evening classes, etc. This paper will demonstrate that the paradigm developed by Shandler for Yiddish can be applied to other linguistic communities, by comparing the post-vernacular use of Yiddish with Low German in Northern Germany. It will focus on the linguistic strategies that individuals or groups of speakers apply in order to participate in a post-vernacular language community

A new measurement of direct CP violation in two pion decays of the neutral kaon

The NA48 experiment at CERN has performed a new measurement of direct CP violation, based on data taken in 1997 by simultaneously collecting K_L and K_S decays into pi0pi0 and pi+pi-. The result for the CP violating parameter Re(epsilon'/epsilon) is (18.5 +/- 4.5(stat)} +/- 5.8 (syst))x10^{-4}.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure

Direct search for light gluinos

We present the results for a direct search for light gluinos through the appearance of $\eta\rightarrow 3\pi^{0}$ with high transverse momentum in the vacuum tank of the NA48 experiment at CERN. We find one event within a lifetime range of $10^{-9}-10^{-3}$s and another one between $10^{-10}-10^{-9}$s. Both events are consistent with the expected background from neutrons in the beam, produced by 450 GeV protons impinging on the Be targets, which interact with the residual air in the tank. From these data we give limits on the production of the hypothetical $g\widetilde{g}$ bound state, the $R^0$ hadron, and its $R^0\rightarrow\eta\widetilde{\gamma}$ decay in the $R^0$ mass range between 1 and 5~GeV

A new measurement of direct CP violation in two pion decays of the neutral kaon

The NA48 experiment at CERN has performed a new measurement of direct CP violation, based on data taken in 1997 by simultaneously collecting KL and KS decays into pi0 pi0 and pi+ pi-. The result for the CP violating parameter Re(epsilon'/epsilon) is (18.5 +- 4.5(stat.) +- 5.8(syst.)) x 10^-4