Controlled-source electromagnetics for reservoir monitoring on land

The main goal of exploration geophysics is to obtain information about the subsurface that is not directly available from surface geological observations. The results are primarily used for finding potential reservoirs that contain commercial quantities of hydrocarbons. A number of possible geophysical methods exists these days to achieve such a goal. One of them is the controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method. CSEM data can provide resistivity maps of the subsurface. Because the bulk resistivity depends on the resistivity of the pore fluid, these maps may enable us to estimate the nature of the fluid content in the reservoir. The CSEM method exploits electromagnetic fields to remotely characterize the nature of the fluid content in the pores. When a dipole current source is stuck into the ground or placed in the seawater, current flows from one pole to the other through the sediments, creating an electrical field in the subsurface. If highly resistive bodies are present in the subsurface, the electrical field measured at some distance from the source will be larger in amplitude than the field in the absence of these bodies. As hydrocarbon-bearing rock is highly resistive, one may link the larger amplitude to the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs. A logical consequence of this phenomenon is that the CSEM method may also be suited for monitoring a hydrocarbon reservoir during production. The reason is that water flooding or steam injection for oil production creates resistivity changes in the reservoir, and if those changes are large enough, we can expect differences in the CSEM response with time-lapse surveys. This consideration led us to further investigate the EM monitoring problem. We tried to answer two questions: are the time-lapse changes in the reservoir detectable, particularly in the presence of noise, and if so, could we use timelapse signals to locate where the time-lapse changes happened in the subsurface? In this thesis, we considered land CSEM and found that the resistivity change due to displacement of oil by brine can produce a small but measurable difference in the CSEM response. Interestingly, those response differences at the surface are confined to the lateral extent of resistivity changes in the subsurface, even in the presence of various kinds of repeatability noise. We found a simple and effective method to remove the repeatability noise due to the airwave. Finally, results obtained when incorporating nonlinear EM inversion into the monitoring problem suggest that this application of the CSEM method has the potential to play a significant role in the oil and gas industry

Metode Taqrir Sebuah Pendekatan Yang Menyenangkan

This article explains about taqrir (evidence) as an interesting approach in attempting a method in Islamic education. The utilizing of the taqrir method which is adopted from some Qur'anic verses and text written in Arabic in Burhāni model approach as being designed by al-Jabiri and subsequently being developed in variety of the educational theories both from al-Ghazali and John Dewey, the US educational figure, would be contexctually in its application as it integrates Islamic education and progressive educational model. The violence in education is frequent occurs if the method being applied is inappropriate. Thus, violence being conducted is through forcing the courses to the students, where he or she does not wish for studying. Consequently, the knowledge being transferred could not be rest on his or her heart

Dampak Sosial Ekonomi dan Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Perkembangan Teknologi Pitalebar di Indonesia [Social Economy Impact And Local Government Initiative Relating To Broadband Technology Development In Indonesia]

Indonesia memiliki aset yang berperan penting bagi pembangunan nasional termasuk sosial dan ekonomi antara lain sumber daya manusia dan industri dalam negeri. TIK khususnya internet pitalebar merupakan salah satu kunci dalam pembangunan sosial ekonomi di suatu negara. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana dampak pemanfaatan internet pitalebar di Indonesia terhadap aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat serta mengidentifikasi apakah langkah yang telah dilakukan pemerintah daerah dalam mendorong pemanfaatan internet pitalebar telah dilakukan secara optimal. Data yang diperoleh melalui penelitian dianalisis menggunakan metode Matthew B Miles dan A Michael Huberman, (2007). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan internet pitalebar di Indonesia meningkat dengan signifikan dan memberikan dampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Namun demikian pemanfaatan internet pitalebar tersebut belum dilakukan secara optimal terutama untuk tujuan yang bersifat produktif. Pemerintah daerah telah melakukan sejumlah langkah strategis untuk mendorong pemanfaatan internet pitalebar di Indonesia seperti penggelaran ducting untuk kabel serat optik, pelatihan bidang TIK, penyediaan akses internet WiFi di fasilitas publik. Namun, langkah yang dilakukan pemerintah daerah perlu lebih diintensifkan guna memperluas penetrasi internet pitalebar untuk peningkatan dan pemerataan pertumbuhan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia.*****Indonesia has invaluable assets which are important to the national development. Those assets need to be managed properly in order to deliver significant contribution to the national development, especially in social and economy aspects. Nowadays, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), especially broadband internet, is one of some key points in social economy development in a country. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used in this study to capture broadband internet utilization in Indonesia and identify initiatives done by the local governments to achieve public welfare through broadband internet utilization. The results show that broadband internet USAge in Indonesia increases rapidly and is followed by positive growth in social and economy aspects. Yet, broadband technology has not been optimally utilized, especially for productive purposes. A number of strategic initiatives has been taken by local governments to encourage broadband internet USAge in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the initiatives from local governments need to be intensified in order to increase social and economical growth through the equitable distribution of broadband internet USAge in all over Indonesia

Peluang dan Tantangan Pemanfaatan Frekuensi Ka-Band untuk Sistem Komunikasi Satelit

Data traffic growth is much higher than that of voice traffic. Cisco predicts that mobile data traffic in Indonesia will grow 8- fold from 2016 to 2021. Broadband technology becomes appropriate solution to cope with data traffic growth and to keep quality of service optimal. Considering that terrain profile of rural areas in Indonesia is hard for terestrial system to be deployed, satellite technology is urgently required to deploy broadband services in rural areas. Due to its higher bandwidth capacity, Ka-band satellite is one of key technologies to enable broadband service penetration in rural area. This study aims to identify opportunities and challenges Indonesia will encounter when deploying Ka-band satellite system. Research results show that Ka-band satellite is capable to facilitate telecommunication services requiring high bandwidth. Satellite service users also vary, spanning from industries, government agencies, and consumers. Regardless superiorities Ka-band satellite offers, there are still some challenges to address. Those challenges are vulnerability of Ka-band frequency due to rain attenuation and lack of Ka-band filing owned by Indonesia with status approved by International Telecommunication Union (ITU). There are currently 45 Ka-band filing located on Indonesia outer space and none of them is registered to Indonesia administration

Strategi Adaptasi Masyarakat Pendatang (Suku Kaamay) Di Pulau Enggano

 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh pendatang (Suku Kaamay) di Pulau Enggano dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif serta menggunakan pisau analisis dari teori Gudykunst dan Kim Sehingga dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh Pendatang (Suku Kamay) di Pulau Enggano sebagai berikut : 1. Penguasaan dan penggunaan bahasa asli Enggano, kebiasaan, adat istiadat dan norma yang berlaku merupakan kunci utama untuk diterima di budaya baru Pulau Enggano. 2. Adaptasi komunikasi antar budaya menjadi cara bagi suku pendatang (Suku Kaamay) untuk menghadapi gegar budaya selama berada di Pulau Enggano. 3. Sikap positif dari pendatang (Suku Kaamay) 4.Pemahaman dan Penerapan dari Aspek Afektif seperti perasaan, nilai- nilai adalah point sikap adaptasi. 5. Penerapan Aspek Operasional dari pengalaman untuk lingkungan baru 6. Lingkungan yang terbuka dan memiliki toleransi akan membuat para Pendatang (Suku Kaamay) merasa diterima dengan baik

Analisis Kebijakan Standardisasi Keamanan Perangkat Telekomunikasi untuk Menunjang Kebijakan Pertahanan dan Keamanan Nasional [Policy Analysis On Telecommunication Devices Security Standardization To Support National Security And Defence Policy]

Beberapa tahun terakhir, kejadian yang terkait dengan pembobolan informasi meningkat dengan signifikan dan menyebabkan kerugian yang tidak sedikit baik bagi pemerintah, industri maupun perorangan. Oleh karenanya diperlukan jaminan terhadap keamanan informasi terutama yang menyangkut informasi yang sensitif dan rahasia. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, diperlukan kebijakan di bidang standarisasi keamanan perangkat telekomunikasi untuk menjamin validitas dan kerahasiaan informasi yang dilewatkan melalui perangkat tersebut. Pendekatan kualitatif maupun kuantitatif digunakan dalam studi ini untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang kondisi penerapan standar keamanan perangkat baik oleh pemerintah maupun industri telekomunikasi serta mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi dalam menjamin keamanan perangkat telekomunikasi baik untuk kebutuhan umum maupun kebutuhan khusus baik dari aspek teknologi, kelembagaan, maupun regulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan belum ada regulasi yang mengatur standarisasi keamanan perangkat telekomunikasi untuk kebutuhan khusus. Selain itu belum ada penetapan secara eksplisit tentang lembaga yang berwenang dalam pengujian dan sertifikasi keamanan perangkat telekomunikasi terutama untuk kebutuhan khusus. Sejumlah regulasi yang mengatur secara spesifik bidang standarisasi keamanan perangkat telekomunikasi saat ini masih dalam proses penyusunan oleh instansi-instansi terkait.*****In the past years, incidents involving information security breach increase significantly and cause huge damage to industry, government or individual. Due to that, information security needs to be well guaranteed especially when it comes to sensitive and confidential information. One has to be done to cope with that is the availibility of policy on telecommunication devices security standardization to assure validity and confidentiality of all information going through the devices. Both qualitative and quantitative method used in this study to describe implementation of telecommnunication devices security that has been done by both government and ICT industry and also to identify obstacles in implementation of telecommunication device security assurance for both public and special purposes, from technology, institutional, and regulation aspects. This study showed that any regulation related with telecommunication device security standardization for special purposes has not been provided yet. Besides, authorized institution to examine and certify telecommunication devices security especially for specific purposes has not been assigned yet

WACANA REKONSTRUKSI TURAS (TRADISI) ARAB Menurut Muhammad Abed al-Jabiri dan Hasan Hanafi

This article focuses on Muhammad Abed al-Jabiri and Hasan Hanafi’s thought and their reactive attitude towards Moslem’s backwardness in many fields of life that they plan and design a mega project to address the causes of stagnation in the Moslem’s world. Al-Jabiri tries to reflect the formation of Arab reason as he thought that revival effort of Islam has deviated from its frames as the concequence it could not be able to face the western dominanance. In futher, he developed the basic principle and then he makes the reinterpretation with a format that has relevance to contemporarary values. While Hasan Hanafi tries to focus himself towards the “Tradition and Renewal” construction of Islam by creating a variety of methodologies, one of them is “The Axiom of Hermeunetic” wich applied to historical criticsm, eidetic criticsm and praxis critism. The important point this article is more about the effort of epistemology mapping in Arab world and effort to reinterpretrelligious teaching relevant to contemporary principles

Efek Naungan Dan Asal Anakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Eboni (Diospyros Celebica Bakh.)

Percobaan pengaruh naungan dan asal anakan eboni terhadap pertumbuhannya, telah dilakukan dj Persemaian Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin, Bengo, Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan selama tiga bulan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah split plot design dengan dua faktor yaitu naungan dan asal anakan. Asal anakan sebagai petak utama terdiri dari dua tingkat, dan naungan sebagai anak petak ke dua terdiri dari empat tingkat Analisis data dengan menggunakan analsis sidik ragam, dan diuji dengan metoda Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Naungan 50% secara nyata, meningkatkan pertumbuhan diameter balang dan jumlah daun dengan nilai 0,09 mm dan 4,9 lembar, sedangkan naungan 75% lebih meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi dengan nilai 1,52 cm. Sedangkan untuk asal anakan, basil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa anakan eboni asal tegakan hutan alam,lebih baik dalam pertumbuhan diameter batang dan jumlah daunnya. Interaksi antara naungan dan asal anakan eboni secara nyata lebih meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi anakan dengan pertumbuhan yang terbaik dijumpai pada anakan alam. Untuk pengadaan bibit eboni yang bermutu baik dapat dikembangkan dari anakan alami dan persemaian dengan memberi naungan 50% -75%, dan khususnya untuk bibit anakan asal persemaian pada medium tumbuhnya perlu dicampur dengan tanah humus yang berasal dari tanah pada daerah perakaran pohon induk eboni

EFEK MODERASI KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL PADA HUBUNGAN TAX AVOIDANCE DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN: (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Indeks LQ45 periode 2015-2019)

This study was conducted to review the relationship between firm value and tax behavior byincluding dividend policy and institutional ownership as moderating variables. The object ofresearch is the companies that are members of the LQ45 index for the 2015-2019 period witha total sample of 9 companies. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and verificationanalysis through the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) test. The results obtained thattax avoidance has no effect on firm value, dividend policy is proven to be a moderatingvariable that can weaken the relationship between tax avoidance and firm value, andinstitutional ownership cannot provide a moderating effect on the relationship between taxavoidance and firm value. This study suggests that LQ45 index companies increase theportion of the dividend policy given, so as to increase investor interest in the company'sshares, in addition to looking at the value of their profits. Further research is suggested toreturn to using institutional ownership as a moderating variable because in this study it wasfound to have the potential to be a moderating on firm value

Design and Implementation of Real Time Noise Cancellation System based on Spectral Subtraction Method

AbstractIn this paper, a real-time digital signal noise cancellation system is designed based on Spectral Subtraction Method. The system cancels the noise in frequency domain by estimating the noise energy spectral from a noisy input. Since that method is performed in frequency domain with polar form, a time to frequency domain and rectangular to polar transformer with each of their complement circuits are needed to perform the noise cancellation operation. Considering high speed computation with lower system frequency for a real-time processing and low power consumption, an FPGA based full-hardware implementation is used in proposed system. As a result, the proposed noise cancellation system implementation result is able to perform a real time noise cancellation with the SNR value of 71dB and use about 47,000 FPGA logic elements with 32 bits data resolution