Aqueous black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) extract enhanced the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in mouse breast cancer model

Black rice is a functional food of Indonesia that has several pharmaceutical activities including anti-cancer. This study aimed to evalu�ate the immunomodulatory potential of aqueous black rice (ABR) extract on mouse breast cancer model. A carcinogen, 7,12-dimeth�ylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), was applied for breast cancer induction in mice. The study was designed to be seven groups (six mice in each group), including Normal or control group (N), a Cancer (C; DMBA-induced mice) group, Cisplatin (Cis; DMBA-induced mice + Cisplatin) treatment group, and DMBA-induced mice + ABR extract (ABR1; dose 1 or 0.2 g/kg, ABR2; dose 2 or 0.3 g/kg, ABR3; dose 3 or 0.4 g/kg, and ABR4; dose 4 or 0.5 g/kg) treatment group. The cancer-bearing mice were given ABR extract for two weeks, and flow cytometry was used to assess the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as the production of inflammatory cy�tokines IL-17, TNFα, and IFNγ. The histopathology of breast tissue in mice was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and microscope observation. The induction of DMBA in mice lower the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and induced IL-17, TNFα, and IFNγ production. The histology of the mammary tissue of the untreated mice demonstrated an infiltration of cancer cells toward stroma, whereas that of the treated groups, especially those under high doses of ABR extract, showed a better prognosis, exhibiting a reduction in cancer cells surrounded by a relatively larger number of adipose tissues. The activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as the reduction of cytokines (IL-17, TNFα, and IFNγ), were thought to be influenced by ABR extract. The activation of T cells optimized the elimination of cancer cells activity; moreover, the production of pro-tumor cytokines was inhibited

Cyperus rotundus L. rhizome extract modulates immune system and induces apoptotic in 4T1-tumor bearing mice

Context: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer with the highest aggressiveness and malignancy characteristics. Aims: To evaluate the possible anticancer potential of Cyperus rotundus rhizome extract (CRE) against 4T1-tumor-bearing mice. Methods: C. rotundus rhizome was extracted using maceration methods with ethanol. C. rotundus extract (CRE) was then determined the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) using colorimetric analysis. The cytotoxic activity of CRE against 4T1 cells was carried out operating WST-1 assay, and the IC50 value was then used for in vivo study. The 4T1-tumor-bearing mice were treated with CRE at 72.5, 145, and 290 mg/kg body weight (BW) for two weeks or treated with cisplatin once a week for two weeks (4 mg/kg BW). The analysis of IL-2 cytokines production and the activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells was assessed using flow cytometry analysis. Histopathological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was applied to determine the outcome of CRE on breast cancer tissue. Results: CRE indicated a higher TPC (76.97 mg GAE/g) value than TFC (29.37 mg QE/g). This study demonstrated a significant reduction of IL-2 cytokines and CD4 T cell activation in treated groups than in the cancer group (p<0.05) and showed a good prognosis, further confirmed by histopathological data. The breast tissue of 4T1-tumor-bearing mice in treated groups showed apoptotic cells compared to the cancer group, which has more viable cells. Conclusions: The high phenolic content in CRE can modulate mice’s immune systems and induce cancer cell apoptosis

Pengaruh Ekstrak Kopi “Amstirdam” Terhadap Level Treg Dan Ekspresi Lp- Pla2 Pada Mencit Dengan Diet Tinggi Lemak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruf ekstrak kopi “Amstirdam” terhadap level Treg dan ekspresi Lp-PLA2 pada mencit diet tinggi lemak. Metode penelitian induksi HFD (High Fat Diet) pada semua mencti kecuali kelompok sehat selama 5 bulan dengan komposisi 8% protein dari kuning telur bebek, fruktosa 30%, 17% lemak sapi, kecuali 0,2% asam kolat yang hanya diberikan selama 2 bulan diawal induksi. Kemudian kelompok mencit treatment diberi esktrak kopi secara oral selama 2 minggu (DI = 104mg/kg, DII = 520mg/kg dan DIII = 5.200mg/kg). Mencit kemudian didislokasi dan organ spleen serta aorta diisolasi. Level Treg dan ekspresi Lp-PLA2 dianalisis dengan flowcytometry. Konfirmasi atherosclerosis dilakukan melalui pengamatan histologi aorta dengan metode paraffin dan pewarnaan H&E. Hasil analisis flowcytometri dilanjutkan dengan analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS 16.0 for windows dengan one-way ANOVA dengan nilai p= 0.05 dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase ekspresi Lp-PLA2 mengalami penurunan setelah treatment dan nilai terendah pada kelompok treatment Dosis 2 yaitu 12,81% dibandingkan dengan kelompok Sehat dan Sakit yakni berturut-turut 9,75% dan 31,24% (p<0.05). Persentase Treg pada kelompok treatment Dosis 3 dan kelompok Sehat menunjukkan nilai yang tidak beda nyata pada uji Duncan yakni dengan nilai berturutturut 72,50% dan 69,43%, sedangkan nilai Treg pada kelompok sakit, Dosis 1 dan Dosis 2 berturut-turut adalah 33,82%, 58,33%, 50,57%. Pemberian ekstrak kopi amstirdam mampu menginduksi level Treg sehingga dapat mensupresi inflamasi pada ateroskleros

Potential anticancer agents of Curcuma aeruginosa-based kombucha: In vitro and in silico study

Background: The kombucha is an original drink from China that is traditionally produced from fermentation that rich in polyphenol and act as antioxidants and anticancer. In the times, kombucha is widely combined with several medicinal plants, one of which is Curcuma aeruginosa, an herbal plant used as medicine because it has chemical constituents of saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Kombucha-based Curcuma aeruginosa is believed to have role as an antioxidant and anticancer. Research objectives: to determine antioxidant and anticancer activities of kombucha-based C. aeruginosa through in vitro and in silico study. Methods: production of kombucha-based C. aeruginosa with variation of C. aeruginosa extract concentration (2, 4, 6 %) and variation of time fermentation of kombucha production (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 days). Then antioxidant activity analysis was carried out with the DPPH assay. The bioactive compounds contained in kombucha-based C. aeruginosa was screened using LCHRMS (Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mas Spectrometry). Anticancer activity was predicted using in silico study such as PASS Online and molecular docking. Results: The highest antioxidant activity was showed by 6 % of C. aeruginosa and 14 days fermentation of kombucha (IC50 = 13.17). There were 15 bioactive compounds contained in kombucha-based C. aeruginosa and 4 of them with anticancer activity, such as 2-(8-Hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyldecahhydro-2-naphthalenyl)acrylic acid, 2-[(2-Chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-4,6-dimethylnicotinonitrile, 3,5-Di‑tert‑butyl‑4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and Zedoarondiol. 2-[(2-Chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-4,6-dimethylnicotinonitrile showed the most potential anticancer compound with the strongest interaction to inhibit ERa and PR protein

Amstirdam coffee ameliorates Lp-PLA2 and the inflammatory response in an atherosclerosis mice

Coffee is a kind of daily beverage, and its correlation with cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis is still debatable. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Amstirdam coffee extract (ACE) on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis mouse models. The study used 25 Swiss male mice for five groups (n = 5): healthy mice fed a normal diet (N); mice fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFFD); mice fed HFFD and treated with ACE at doses of 104 (D1), 520 (D2), and 5200 mg/kg BW (D3). The levels of Lp-PLA2, regulatory T cells (Tregs) (CD4+CD25+CD62L+, CD4+CD25+IL-10+, CD4+CD25+TGF-+), IL-10 (CD4+IL-10+), and TGF-B (CD4+TGF+) were analyzed using a flow cytometer. Histological analysis of the mouse aorta was done by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. This study indicated a significant increase in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL, and Lp-PLA2 levels in the HFFD group. HFFD also reduced HDL, IL-10, and TGF produced by CD4 and Tregs compared with the normal group. ACE at all doses significantly reduced Lp-PLA2 levels compared with the HFFD group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the administration of 520 mg/kg BW ACE (D2) increased the production of IL-10 significantly compared to other doses (p < 0.05). The D3 group possessed a high TGF- production and Treg expression level significantly different between groups (p < 0.05). Foam cells were mostly found in the aorta of the HFFD group compared to the normal and ACE treatment groups. This study suggested that ACE could reduce Lp-PLA2 enzyme activity and foam cell formation through the immunosuppressive activity of IL-10 and TGF cytokines