Update on the Worsening Particle Radiation Environment Observed by CRaTER and Implications for Future Human Deep‐Space Exploration

Over the last decade, the solar wind has exhibited low densities and magnetic field strengths, representing anomalous states that have never been observed during the space age. As discussed by Schwadron, Blake, et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014SW001084), the cycle 23–24 solar activity led to the longest solar minimum in more than 80 years and continued into the “mini” solar maximum of cycle 24. During this weak activity, we observed galactic cosmic ray fluxes that exceeded theERobserved small solar energetic particle events. Here we provide an update to the Schwadron, Blake, et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014SW001084) observations from the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. The Schwadron, Blake, et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014SW001084) study examined the evolution of the interplanetary magnetic field and utilized a previously published study by Goelzer et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019404) projecting out the interplanetary magnetic field strength based on the evolution of sunspots as a proxy for the rate that the Sun releases coronal mass ejections. This led to a projection of dose rates from galactic cosmic rays on the lunar surface, which suggested a ∼20% increase of dose rates from one solar minimum to the next and indicated that the radiation environment in space may be a worsening factor important for consideration in future planning of human space exploration. We compare the predictions of Schwadron, Blake, et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014SW001084) with the actual dose rates observed by CRaTER in the last 4 years. The observed dose rates exceed the predictions by ∼10%, showing that the radiation environment is worsening more rapidly than previously estimated. Much of this increase is attributable to relatively low‐energy ions, which can be effectively shielded. Despite the continued paucity of solar activity, one of the hardest solar events in almost a decade occurred in September 2017 after more than a year of all‐clear periods. These particle radiation conditions present important issues that must be carefully studied and accounted for in the planning and design of future missions (to the Moon, Mars, asteroids, and beyond).Plain Language SummaryWe examine the evolution of fluxes from galactic cosmic rays and recent solar energetic particle events to evaluate the recent evolution of radiation hazards in space and their implications for human and robotic exploration.Key PointsGCR radiation doses are rising faster than predicted previouslySEP radiation events are large despite low solar activityRadiation environment is a significant factor for mission planningPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143683/1/swe20567_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143683/2/swe20567.pd

Flow-based pipeline for systematic modulation and analysis of 3D tumor microenvironments

The cancer microenvironment, which incorporates interactions with stromal cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and other tumor cells in a 3-dimensional (3D) context, has been implicated in every stage of cancer development, including growth of the primary tumor, metastatic spread, and response to treatment. Our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and our ability to develop new therapies would greatly benefit from tools that allow us to systematically probe microenvironmental cues within a 3D context. Here, we leveraged recent advances in microfluidic technology to develop a platform for high-throughput fabrication of tunable cellular microniches (“microtissues”) that allow us to probe tumor cell response to a range of microenvironmental cues, including ECM, soluble factors, and stromal cells, all in 3D. We further combine this tunable microniche platform with rapid, flow-based population level analysis (n > 500), which permits analysis and sorting of microtissue populations both pre- and post-culture by a range of parameters, including proliferation and homotypic or heterotypic cell density. We used this platform to demonstrate differential responses of lung adenocarcinoma cells to a selection of ECM molecules and soluble factors. The cells exhibited enhanced or reduced proliferation when encapsulated in fibronectin- or collagen-1-containing microtissues, respectively, and they showed reduced proliferation in the presence of TGF-β, an effect that we did not observe in monolayer culture. We also measured tumor cell response to a panel of drug targets and found, in contrast to monolayer culture, specific sensitivity of tumor cells to TGFβR2 inhibitors, implying that TGF-β has an anti-proliferative affect that is unique to the 3D context and that this effect is mediated by TGFβR2. These findings highlight the importance of the microenvironmental context in therapeutic development and that the platform we present here allows the high-throughput study of tumor response to drugs as well as basic tumor biology in well-defined microenvironmental niches.American Association for Cancer Research (Stand Up to Cancer Charitable Initiative)National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (National Research Service Award Fellowship)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Graduate Research Fellowship Program Grant 1122374)Howard Hughes Medical Institut

A combinatorial extracellular matrix platform identifies cell-extracellular matrix interactions that correlate with metastasis

Extracellular matrix interactions have essential roles in normal physiology and many pathological processes. Although the importance of extracellular matrix interactions in metastasis is well documented, systematic approaches to identify their roles in distinct stages of tumorigenesis have not been described. Here we report a novel-screening platform capable of measuring phenotypic responses to combinations of extracellular matrix molecules. Using a genetic mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma, we measure the extracellular matrix-dependent adhesion of tumour-derived cells. Hierarchical clustering of the adhesion profiles differentiates metastatic cell lines from primary tumour lines. Furthermore, we uncovered that metastatic cells selectively associate with fibronectin when in combination with galectin-3, galectin-8 or laminin. We show that these molecules correlate with human disease and that their interactions are mediated in part by α3β1 integrin. Thus, our platform allowed us to interrogate interactions between metastatic cells and their microenvironments, and identified extracellular matrix and integrin interactions that could serve as therapeutic targets.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant K99-CA151968)National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service AwardStand Up To Cancer (SU2C/AACR)David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT (CTC Project)Harvard Stem Cell Institute (SG-0046-08-00)National Cancer Center (Postdoctoral Fellowship)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (U54CA126515)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (U54CA112967)Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncolog

Computing News ; vol. 09, no. 02 (Nov./Dec. 1993)

4 p.Students: CC-EMU Lab Pass Buys DuckMail, Internet Services -- DuckMail -- Internet Services -- Lab Hours -- ARA Mac Access Enhanced -- WHAT'S NEW?? -- micro support additions -- Machine Check-in -- Slipped Your Disk? -- Further Questions? -- docs room goes online -- Gopher it! browse job lists with APN -- network notes -- Recommended Network Software -- Highlights of Recent Changes -- Macintosh Software -- Public Domain PC Software -- Windows PC Software -- cc:Mail Users - Don't Attach Word/WordPerfect Documents -- microtips -- MS Windows Start Up Shortcut -- Find 'Lost' Windows Applications Fas

Computing News ; vol. 04, no. 08 (May 1989)

2 p.Online Catalog Debuts: Browse Library's Catalog With JANUS -- Accessing JANUS -- How to Use the Program -- IBM 4341's Days Numbered -- Administrative Systems Convert to VAX -- Software Phaseouts -- Micro Deals Multiply -- Price Breaks Continue -- Zenith, Apple Products Added -- STAT CORNER -- BMDP, Volume 2, Finally Arrives -- Selecting the Right Statistical Techniqu

IT Connections : Vol. 02, no. 02 (Special Olympics Trial Issue, 2008)

11 p.Striving for Excellence...a message from our CIO -- InfoGraphics Lab Team Maps Eugene 08 -- More than Meets the Eye...the beauty of the UOâ s new Athletic Medicine Center is not just skin deep -- Getting Ready for Eugene 08: Behind the Scenes at Hayward Field -- Sports Psych Meets the iPod Generation -- Room Race: UO Housing adds fun interactive features to its online dorm sign-up system -- Tech Roundu

Computing News ; vol. 18, no. 03 (Summer 2003)

24 p.Reminder: Intercampus 12-Digit Dialing Begins -- What Systems Are Currently in Use on Campus? -- What Happens to Your UO Email Account Over the Summer? -- Who’s Sending Email? Ask IronPort -- Departments May Request Spam-Blocking Exemptions for Role Accounts on Darkwing -- Get Ready to Migrate from Oregon to Darkwing -- The Economics of Spam -- Sites Worth Seeing -- Microsoft versus Linux -- Apple Launches G5 -- Microsoft Drops Browser Support for Apple -- Sun Tries to Capitalize on SCO Suit -- Docs Room Training CDs -- Summer Workshops -- UO Library’s New Laptop Loan Program -- OS X Tip: Adding to the Default Menu -- iRider: Cool New Web Browser for Windows -- Mathematica Site License Renewed -- Campus Wireless Coverage Expanded -- OWEN/NERO’s Latest Fiber Project -- Setting Up Your Own Home Network -- Who’s Who at the Computing Center -- Refresher Course on Keeping Your Computer Secure -- Spyware Removal Tool Spybot Gets the Job Done -- Spammers Target Hotmail -- SoBig.E Prompts Expanded Email “Defanging” -- Security Alerts -- Per-ASN DNS Blackhole Lists -- Updates on Designing Data for Transfer into SAS -- Videoconferencing Quietly Thrivin

Computing News ; vol. 18, no. 01 (Winter 2003)

24 p.New VPN Client for Mac OS X -- FTP: Transferring Web Files Safely -- WebDAV: Cross-Platform Filesharing Made Easy -- Tracking the Life Cycle of Computer Hardware -- Microsoft Limits Access to its New Office Suite -- New Utility Reconstructs Lost Windows Files -- Stop Popups and Blinking Ads with Mozilla -- Recall Alert: APC Recalls Some Backup-UPS Models -- New Year Brings Web-Based Banner, Other Charges -- Perl 5.8 Installed on Darkwing, Gladstone -- Vi Text Editing Tips -- Invoking FinMetrics within Splus on Darkwing -- Just Enough Mathematica to Make you Dangerous -- How to Preserve Your Pine Address Book -- List Owners: Solve Address Migration Problems -- Consult Majordomo's 'Obscure Words' List -- More Hazards of Hotmail -- Spam Reporting Tips Revisited -- Spam Scam Exploits Windows Messenger -- SpamPal, SpamAssassin Make War on Spam -- Security Alerts (Ongoing Microsoft Vulnerabilities, Latest MPs Worm, Wireless Network Security) -- da Cruz's Safe Network Computing -- First Joint NANOG/ARIN Meeting in Eugene -- Check Out www.DNSstuff.com -- Network Status Tools -- AOL: How Do You Check Out? -- Toll-Free Dialin Access for Travelers -- At&T Cable Modem Users Lose Email Addresses -- Creeping Improvements of Online Search Engines -- Call for NWACC Grant Proposals -- Create a Course Website with Blackboard -- Accessible Web Design White Papers -- Pittock Internet Exchange, Darknet, IPv6 Internet, Cyber Law, ODOT, Web Color Picker, and more -- Where Geeks go for News -- Winter Workshop

Computing News ; vol. 03, no. 06 (March 1988)

2 p.VAX Short Courses Begin Spring Term -- PC Lab Available for VAX-Oriented Classes -- More VAX Teaching Aids Coming -- VAX Conversion for Experienced Users -- Laser Printer Moves to the VAX -- VAX Slat Packs Supported -- Center Offers Statistical Consulting -- `Viruses' Invade Computing Center