Perfection and Enforcement of a Mechanic\u27s Lien in Virginia: A Defense Lawyer\u27s Perspective

The right to a mechanic\u27s lien in Virginia is statutorily created and the Supreme Court of Virginia requires strict adherence to these statutes. During mechanic\u27s lien litigation, the validity of the underlying indebtedness to the claimant or the quality of the claimant\u27s work often has little bearing on whether the lien is valid or enforceable. Rather, the question revolves around whether the claimant or his attorney substantially complied with the procedures mandated by the statutes as interpreted by the courts. These procedural or technical defenses are usually raised in the initial or preliminary stages of the litigation, long before any issue regarding whether the amounts claimed by the claimant are properly due are addressed

INTERACTIONS OF HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS WITH TOBACCO TREATED STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

poster abstractStreptococcus mutans and tobacco are risk factors for atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to determine the ability that a spaP isogenic defective mutant of S. mutans UA 159 has on binding to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) when treated with tobacco products and what second messenger signals are involved. The study was conducted to examine the effects that various concentrations of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)- and nicotine have on S. mutans cell cytotoxicity and expression of cytokines and growth factors from HUVECs. S. mutans was grown at 37°C and planktonic and biofilm cells were separated from the culture supernatant. The supernatant was discarded the cells were washed, sterilized with formaldehyde and washed again to remove the formaldehyde. The concentrations of the various S. mutans cells were standardized to the same concentration (absorbance of 0.50 ± 0.01) by spectroscopy at a wavelength of 600 nm. The lowest non-toxic levels of the sterilized bacterial cells were used to treat HUVECs for 72 hours and cytotoxicity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. The cytokine/growth factor expression will be determined by antibody protein arrays. The results are expected to indicate an increase in cytotoxicity with increasing cell concentrations, along with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine/growth factors expression by the HUVECs treated with tobacco treated S. mutans compared to S. mutans that was not treated with tobacco products. Second messenger signaling pathways will be analyzed with ERK and JNK inhibitors and specific antibodies to ERK and phospho-JNK. Immunoblots using HUVECs will be done to determine expression of ERK/JNK. A better understanding of the detrimental effects that tobacco has on the underlining causes of atherosclerosis can advance the quest of controlling the disease

EFFECTS OF PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS TREATED WITH VARIOUS CIGARETTE CONSTITUENTS ON HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

poster abstractTobacco use affects the cardiovascular system and increases the rate of cardiovascular disease among smokers. However, the effects of tobacco on the endothelial cells that line blood vessels are not yet fully understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine some of the effects that a periodontal pathogen such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) treated with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), nicotine, and dissolvable tobacco strips (DST) have on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). P.gingivalis was grown in an anaerobic environment at 37oC with and without CSC, DST, and nicotine. The cells and supernatants were harvested 96 hours later. A Bradford protein assay was conducted to determine the protein amounts of the cells and in the supernatant. The HUVEC will be cultured in Endothelial Basal Medium-2 and plated in 6 well plates and exposed to the P. gingivalis cells and supernatants and after 72 hours, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays will be used to cytotoxicity. Non-toxic amounts of the cells and supernatants will then be used to treat HUVEC cells for 72 hours before the media is collected and analyzed for cytokine/growth factor expression by protein arrays. It is believed that the treated bacteria will increase the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors expressed by the HUVECs, which could play roles in vascular diseases. The protein assays showed that only the protein amount in the supernatant from the CSC treated bacteria was decreased

Evaluating the Effect of Fulvic Acid on Oral Bacteria and Cancerous Oral Cells

poster abstractShilajit is a homeopathic treatment used by local inhabitants of India and Pakistan. It may have specific components that inhibit the formation of cavities and the growth of cancer cells. This experiment analyzed the effects of fulvic acid, an active component of shilajit, on the growth of oral bacteria and squamous cell carcinoma. The effect of fulvic acid was evaluated on early Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm formation and established S. mutans biofilm by treating each group with different concentrations of fulvic acid for 24 hours in sterile 96-well flat-bottom microtiter plates. S. mutans was used because it is a common cause of dental caries. The optical density (OD) of the S. mutans biofilm was measured after crystal violet staining using a SpectraMax190; greater growth correlated to greater OD. It was determined that fulvic acid inhibits the growth of newly forming S. mutans biofilm at fulvic acid concentrations greater than 1.25% (vol. %) and established S. mutans biofilm at fulvic acid concentrations greater than 5% (vol. %). To evaluate the effect of fulvic acid on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25) cells, six-well plates seeded with SCC-25 cells (1*105 cells/well) were exposed to different concentrations of fulvic acid (buffered to a pH of 7.5) for 72 hours. The cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were measured using a cytotoxicity detection kit and a water soluble tetrazolium kit (Roche Applied Science), respectively. It was determined that fulvic acid inhibits the growth of SCC-25 cells at concentrations of fulvic acid above 2% (volume %). The effects of fulvic acid (0.5%) on matrix metalloproteinase expression and collagen degradation ability of SCC-25 cells is being analyzed. The suppressive mechanisms observed by fulvic acid on both S. mutans and SCC-25 cells could improve overall oral health

Forster, John L. Secondary School Yearbook 1952-1953

Called The Spartaloguehttps://scholar.uwindsor.ca/essexcountyontariohighschoolyearbooks/1023/thumbnail.jp

Forster, John L. Secondary School Yearbook 1958-1959

Called The Spartaloguehttps://scholar.uwindsor.ca/essexcountyontariohighschoolyearbooks/1028/thumbnail.jp

Forster, John L. Secondary School Yearbook 1956-1957

Called The Spartaloguehttps://scholar.uwindsor.ca/essexcountyontariohighschoolyearbooks/1026/thumbnail.jp