Germination and sporophytic development of Regnellidium diphyllum Lindm. (Marsileaceae) in the presence of a glyphosate-based herbicide

Regnellidium diphyllum is a vulnerable heterosporous fern which occurs in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and in some neighboring localities in the State of Santa Catarina, in Uruguay and Argentina. The species grows in areas subjected to flooding and humid soils which frequently are alterated by agricultural activities. Agricultural fields are commonly treated with herbicides such as glyphosate. The effects of glyphosate on in vitro germination of megaspores and initial sporophytic development of R. diphyllum under aqueous conditions were investigated. Six glyphosate concentrations (0.32, 0.64, 1.92, 4.80, 9.60 and 19.20 mg/L) and the control (0.00 mg/L) were tested using Meyer’s medium. Cultures were maintained in vitro in a growth chamber at 24±1oC and 16 hours photoperiod for five weeks. Megaspore germination was significantly reduced (67% and lower) in concentrations of 4.80 mg/L onwards compared with the control (81%), while the sporophyte formation was negatively influenced even at the lowest concentration tested (0.32 mg/L). The length of the primary root and primary and secondary leaves was significantly reduced at glyphosate concentrations of 4.80 mg/L onwards. Low concentrations of the herbicide did not affect the percentage of germination, although significantly interfered in the initial development of R. diphyllum. Concentrations of 9.60 and 19.20 mg/L inhibited the establishment of new plants. These results indicate that application of glyphosate to agricultural areas may have negative impacts on the vulnerable fern R. diphyllum.Regnellidium diphyllum é uma pteridófita heterosporada vulnerável, ocorrente no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e em algumas localidades vizinhas no estado de Santa Catarina, no Uruguai e na Argentina. A espécie cresce em áreas alagáveis e solos úmidos que freqüentemente são alterados para atividades agrícolas. Campos de agricultura são comumente tratados com herbicidas como o glifosato. Os efeitos do glifosato sobre a germinação de megásporos e o desenvolvimento esporofítico inicial de R. diphyllum foram investigados. Seis concentrações de glifosato (0,32; 0,64; 1,92; 4,80; 9,60 e 19,20 mg/L) e o controle (0,00 mg/L), foram testados utilizando meio de Meyer. As culturas foram mantidas in vitro, em câmara de germinação a 24±1oC e fotoperíodo de 16 horas, por cinco semanas. A germinação de megásporos foi significantemente reduzida (67% e inferior) em concentrações de glifosato a partir de 4,80 mg/L, comparada ao controle (81%), enquanto que a formação de esporófitos foi negativamente influenciada mesmo na menor concentração testada (0,32 mg/L). Os comprimentos da raiz primária e das folhas primária e secundária foram significantemente reduzidos em concentrações de glifosato a partir de 4,80 mg/L. Baixas concentrações do herbicida não afetaram a porcentagen de germinação, embora tenham interferido significantemente no desenvolvimento inicial de R. diphyllum. Concentrações de 9,60 e 19,20 mg/L inibiram o estabelecimento de plantas novas. Esses resultados indicam que a aplicação de glifosato em áreas de agricultura pode ter impactos negativos sobre a pteridófita vulnerável R. diphyllum

The genus Thelypteris (Thelypteridaceae, Polypodiopsida) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, II. Subgenera Amauropelta (Kunze) A.R. Sm., Cyclosorus (Link) C.V. Morton and Steiropteris (C. Chr.) K. Iwats.

The family Thelypteridaceae presents considerable species richness throughout the hillside forests and coastal plains of Brazil, as well as in the forests of its southern plateau. This study was based on material collected in 24 trips to various regions within the state of Mato Grosso, as well as material deposited in the principal Brazilian herbaria and in other herbaria. The genus Thelypteris, represented in this study by the subgenera Amauropelta (Kunze) A.R. Sm., Cyclosorus (Link) Morton and Steiropteris (C. Chr.) K. Iwats., comprises 11 species in Mato Grosso and surrounding regions. Keys for identification, descriptions and references to illustrations of diagnostic characters are presented.Fil: Ponce, Marta Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (i); Argentina;Fil: Kieling-Rubio, Maria Angélica. Universidade FEEVALE; Brasil;Fil: Windisch, Paulo Günter. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica; Brasil

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Flora do Espírito Santo: Hymenophyllum (Hymenophyllaceae)

Resumo É apresentado o inventário das espécies do gênero Hymenophyllum (Hymenophyllaceae) ocorrentes no estado do Espírito Santo. O tratamento taxonômico inclui descrições das espécies, comentários e imagens dos táxons, bem como, chaves de identificação dos gêneros de Hymenophyllaceae ocorrentes na área de estudo e no Brasil e das espécies de Hymenophyllum ocorrentes no Espírito Santo. O padrão de distribuição das espécies, juntamente com observações ecológicas também estão inclusos. No total foram encontradas 15 espécies pertencentes a cinco subgêneros. As espécies ocorrem amplamente no bioma Mata Atlântica, em florestas ombrófilas e nebulares, com exceção de Hymenphyllum caparaoense que é endêmica no Parque Nacional do Caparaó