Soybean lecithin-based extender as an alternative for goat sperm cryopreservation

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of soybean lecithin (SL) in extenders for sperm goat cryopreservation. Sexually mature male Saanen goats (n=4) were used, and the ejaculates were obtained using an artificial vagina method. The semen samples were pooled and diluted in a skim milk-based extender (control group; CG) or Tris extender supplemented with SL at different concentrations (G1=0.04%, SL G2=0.08% SL and G3=0.16%) for a final concentration of 240×106spermatozoa/mL. The semen samples were packed in straws (0.25mL), frozen using an automated system and stored in liquid nitrogen (−196°C). After thawing (37°C/30s), the samples were evaluated for sperm quality parameters, including sperm motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity. No significant difference was observed among the experimental and control groups for all of the parameters (P>0.05). However, even though the control group presented a significantly lower mitochondrial membrane potential compared to fresh semen (P<0.05), the same did not occur for the extender supplemented with soybean lecithin, that is, it did not differ from fresh sperm (P>0.05). The extender containing soybean lecithin at different concentrations preserved the sperm quality parameters in a manner similar to the conventional skim milk-based extender. Thus, it is concluded that an extender containing soybean lecithin as the lipoprotein source can be used for freezing goat semen

Pathways and mechanisms of offshore water intrusions on the Espírito Santo Basin shelf (18°S–22°S, Brazil)

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 121 (2016): 5134–5163, doi:10.1002/2015JC011468.The pathways and physical mechanisms associated with intrusions of cold, nutrient-rich South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) on the continental shelf of the Espírito Santo Basin (ESB), off southeast Brazil (18°S–22°S), are investigated. To this end, a set of process-oriented, Primitive-Equation (PE) numerical models are used, together with an independent and more complete PE model, available observations and simple theoretical ideas. SACW enters the model ESB shelf mostly through two preferential pathways along the Tubarão Bight (TB, 19.5°S–22°S). These pathways are found to be locations where an equatorward along-isobath pressure gradient force (PGFy*) of inline image m s−2) develops in response to steady wind forcing. This equatorward PGFy* is essentially in geostrophic balance, inducing onshore flow across the shelf edge, and most of the shelf proper. The Brazil Current (BC) imparts an additional periodic (in the along-shelf direction) PGFy* on the shelf. The intrinsic pycnocline uplifting effect of the BC in making colder water available at the shelf edge is quantified. The BC also induces local intrusions by inertially overshooting the shelf edge, consistent with estimated Rossby numbers of inline image0.3–0.5. In addition, the planetary β-effect is related to a background equatorward PGFy*. A modified Arrested Topographic Wave model is shown to be a plausible rationalization for the shelf-wide spreading of the pressure field imparted by the BC at the shelf edge. The deep-ocean processes examined here are found to enhance the onshore transport of SACW, while wind forcing is found to dominate it at leading order.The first author acknowledges support from the S~ao Paulo Research Foundation (Fundac¸~ao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S~ao Paulo, FAPESP), via grants 2013/11465–4 and 2014/03451–6. Kenneth Brink acknowledges support from NSF (grant OCE-1433953). Ilson da Silveira acknowledges support from FAPESP 08/58101–9, CNPq 3071122/2010–7, and CAPES 2201/2014. Wilton Arruda acknowledges support from CNPq (MCTI/CNPq/Universal 14/2014, grant 443162/2014–0), and from INCT–Mar– COI, MCTI/CNPq grant 565062/2010–7. Renato Martins acknowledges support from Petr oleo Brasileiro S/A (AMBES Project, PT–133.01.10636).2017-01-3

Molecular detection of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle herds of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Submitted by Adagilson Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-09-01T12:35:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 26897524 2016 cez-mol.oa.pdf: 466479 bytes, checksum: 72f2a61e564e72399e0dad54064bf1d4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adagilson Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-09-01T12:42:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 26897524 2016 cez-mol.oa.pdf: 466479 bytes, checksum: 72f2a61e564e72399e0dad54064bf1d4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-01T12:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 26897524 2016 cez-mol.oa.pdf: 466479 bytes, checksum: 72f2a61e564e72399e0dad54064bf1d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-20Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, BrasilThe present study aimed to direct detect Mycobacterium bovis in milk (n = 401) and blood (n = 401) samples collected from 401 dairy cows of 20 properties located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the region of difference 4 (RD4). Risk factors possibly associated with bovine tuberculosis (BTB) were also evaluated

Inquérito sorológico e fatores de riscos associados a ovinos soropositivos a Leptospira spp. no estado de Sergipe, Brasil

O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a ocorrência e os fatores associados à soropositividade para Leptospira spp. em ovinos do estado de Sergipe, Brasil, a partir de 1.200 amostras coletadas de sessenta propriedades das suas três mesorregiões entre os anos de 2011 e 2012. Foi observada, pela reação de soroaglutinação microscópica, 37,7% (452/1.200; IC: 0.357-0.396) de ovinos soropositivos com 93,3% (56) de propriedades com pelo menos um animal positivo. Os sorogrupos reagentes predominantes foram: Sejroe (32,1%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (23,5%) e Grippotyphosa (22,4%), com presença também de reações para Australis (7,1%), Pomona (3,8%), Autumnalis (3,5%), Panama (3,3%), Ballum (1,8%), Andamana (1,3%), Hebdomadis (0,9%) e Seranga (0,4%). As titulações variaram de 100 a 3.200, sendo que 77,2% delas ? 400. Os fatores associados à presença de ovinos soropositivos a Leptospira spp. foram: criações de subsistência (p=0,000, OR=3,08, IC95%=1,99-4,78) e com finalidade de produção de matrizes e reprodutores (p=0,000, OR=2,19, IC95%=1,46-3,28). As infecções por Leptospira spp. estão ostensivamente presentes nos rebanhos ovinos do estado de Sergipe, sendo necessária a adoção de práticas de manejo adequadas, direcionadas ao controle de roedores e criação consorciada com bovinos que podem levar a contaminação dos alimentos e pastagens

Sea Level Anomaly trends in the South Atlantic around 10\ub0S

In this work, we analyze regional trends of altimetric Sea Level Anomalies (SLA), and the contribution of the steric component. We show evidences that for the region around 10oS, the steric component cannot explain the altimetric SLA trends. On the western side of the region, the altimetric SLA trend is positive, while the steric component of the SLA has a negative trend. In the eastern side, both trends are positive, but the steric contribution is too small. Although the steric component of the SLA cannot explain regional trends of altimetric SLA, it is able to explain 45% of the decrease of subtropical gyre northward transport.Pages: 7200-720

Temperature and Salinity trends in the South Atlantic

Recent studies indicate that the Agulhas leakage increased in the last decades due to the poleward shift of westerlies, what contributed to the observed warming of the Agulhas Current system and salinification of the South Atlantic thermocline waters. In this work we show that there is an unequal increasing in temperature and salinity in different areas of the South Atlantic, but there is no doubt that it getting warm and salty. A fraction of the warm and salty waters injected into the South Atlantic by the Agulhas leakage remains in the South Atlantic while the rest of it is transmitted to the North Atlantic as part of the thermocline return flow of the AMOC.Pages: 7890-789

Variabilidade da Piscina Quente do Atlântico Tropical

Analisando dados de área e volume da Piscina Quente do Atlântico Tropical (PQAT), derivados a partir de um modelo de gravidade reduzida, observamos que essas grandezas apresentam um trend linear relacionado a elevação do nível dos mares. Retirando das séries a melhor aproximação linear, obtivemos séries de anomalias de área e volume da PQAT. Comparações com dados de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM) indicam que a variabilidade das anomalias de área da PQAT estão altamente correlacionadas com as anomalias de TSM tanto em escala anual, quanto em escala interanual. Em escala interanual, as séries de anomalias de área e volume da PQAT, assim como de anomalias de TSM, apresentam um pico de energia no período de 4.9 anos, e picos secundários nos períodos de 2.5 e 1.8 anos. Assim, apresentamos evidências indicando que a variabilidade interanual da PQAT pode ser explicada pela variabilidade de TSM.Pages: 7192-719

The arrested Agulhas retroflection

Paleoceanographic proxy data indicate that the Agulhas leakage into the South Atlantic was dramatically reduced during glacial times. In our former papers, we suggested that this was due to a northward shift of the zero wind stress curl that, in turn, forced the retroflection to occur farther north, where the slant of the coastline relative to the north is steep. In the present paper, we propose that strong westerlies (0.4 Pa, implying a wind speed of ∼12 m s–1 at zero degrees centigrade), which were supposedly common during glaciations, can also arrest the leakage. This arrest occurred because the wind stress opposed the momentum flux associated with the retroflection; such an arrest did not require the retroflection to shift in latitude.We use a simple, nonlinear, “reduced gravity” model to show analytically and numerically that, under the above conditions, the eastward wind stress compensates for the zonal westward flow-force associated with the retroflection, thus avoiding the development and shedding of rings. For a nearly zonal wall, westerly winds, and small upper layer thickness along the wall, thearresting wind stress is found, theoretically, to be, τ x = 0.042α3/2 ρf0 [(2f0Q) 3 /g′]1/4, whereα is twice the retroflection eddy vorticity, ρ is the water density, Q is the Agulhas Current volume flux, and the remaining notation is conventional