Northeast Folklore volume 4: Eight Folktales From Miramichi

Volume 4 of Northeast Archives marked a change in the publication. No longer was it published in four editions throughout the year with a variety of small articles, but now it was a single monograph published generally once a year. The focus of the first monograph is Wilmot MacDonald, a singer and storyteller from Miramichi, New Brunswick. Helen Creighton and Edward D. Ives had both collected from MacDonald and this publication came from their collaboration on that material. Eight Folktales from Miramichi: as Told by Wilmot MacDonald Table of Contents: Wilmot MacDonald by Louise Manny Introduction 1) The Bull Story 2) The Christmas Story 3) Jack and the Beanstalk 4) Three Gold Hairs from the Giant’s Back 5) The Sword of Brightness 6) Out-Riddling the Judge 7) John the Cobbler 8) The Haunted House and the Headless Ghosthttps://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/nf/1000/thumbnail.jp

An investigation into the behaviour of a group of primary school children when using selected mathematical software

Includes Course Papers.Includes bibliographies.Very little is known about how young children think and behave when faced by computers and the broad array of mathematical software available. Much of the software has been developed by adults in the way adults see young children reasoning. A class of twenty English-speaking boys of approximately 12 years of age were exposed to carefully selected mathematical software without adult (teacher) interference, to clarify how these pupils would react to that software. Special focus was placed on the interactions of three children throughout the series of twenty lessons, using two video cameras to record their behaviour. The size of the groupings was changed to consider the effect of group size on the pupils' interactions. Various 'themes' evolved out of reviewing the video recordings. These 'themes' were then linked to Research data. It appears that these pupils had great trouble in reading and interpreting instructions accurately. Also, the software made assumptions of what the pupils could do. The interaction and collaboration by the boys seemed at its best when they were in a group of two as 'peer equals'. The class recognised and used the services of those boys they considered 'experts' in the use of computers. The video-recordings showed that the pupils preferred having pencil and paper available to record information and their estimations, rather than having to rely on memory. It seemed to give permanence to their thoughts and make these more explicit and organised. An analysis of the data also showed that the software and the boys' reaction to it was distinctly sexist. The names of the software (SNOOKER, PILOT, MATHS - CARS IN MOTION, etc.) can be seen as male. The boys gave the computer a 'personality' and referred to it as a 'he'. Also, a disturbing tendency among these pupils was the way they interpreted the software and reacted to it in a distinctive military fashion. This can be attributed to the boys having to battle, explode or bomb their way to victory; to shoot something or be shot in much of the software available. My role of being 'non-expert' was an extremely difficult one as the pupils had expectations of me, and the shortcomings in the software obliged some form of interference. My conclusions are that the mathematical software needs to be appropriate and relevant to what is being done in the class rather than to exist on its own outside of it, and that it could aid the pupil to think about his thinking

Differences in level of confidence in diabetes care between different groups of trainees: the TOPDOC diabetes study

Background There is an increasing prevalence of diabetes. Doctors in training, irrespective of specialty, will have patients with diabetes under their care. The aim of this further evaluation of the TOPDOC Diabetes Study data was to identify if there was any variation in confidence in managing diabetes depending on the geographical location of trainees and career aspirations. Methods An online national survey using a pre-validated questionnaire was administered to trainee doctors. A 4-point confidence rating scale was used to rate confidence in managing aspects of diabetes care and a 6-point scale used to quantify how often trainees would contribute to the management of patients with diabetes. Responses were grouped depending on which UK country trainees were based and their intended career choice. Results Trainees in Northern Ireland reported being less confident in IGT diagnosis, use of IV insulin and peri-operative management and were less likely to adjust oral treatment, contact specialist, educate lifestyle, and optimise treatment. Trainees in Scotland were less likely to contact a specialist, but more likely to educate on lifestyle, change insulin, and offer follow-up advice. In Northern Ireland, Undergraduate (UG) and Postgraduate (PG) training in diagnosis was felt less adequate, PG training in emergencies less adequate, and reporting of need for further training higher. Trainees in Wales felt UG training to be inadequate. In Scotland more trainees felt UG training in diagnosis and optimising treatment was inadequate. Physicians were more likely to report confidence in managing patients with diabetes and to engage in different aspects of diabetes care. Aspiring physicians were less likely to feel the need for more training in diabetes care; however a clear majority still felt they needed more training in all aspects of care. Conclusions Doctors in training have poor confidence levels dealing with diabetes related care issues. Although there is variability between different groups of trainees according to geographical location and career aspirations, this is a UK wide issue. There should be a UK wide standardised approach to improving training for junior doctors in diabetes care with local training guided by specific needs.</p

Spatially Resolved Molecular Compositions of Insoluble Multilayer Deposits Responsible for Increased Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines

Internal combustion engines are used heavily in diverse applications worldwide. Achieving the most efficient operation is key to improving air quality as society moves to a decarbonized energy system. Insoluble deposits that form within internal combustion engine components including fuel injectors and filters negatively impact CO2 and pollutant emissions. Understanding the composition, origins, and formation mechanisms of these complex materials will be key to their mitigation however, previous attempts only afforded nondiagnostic chemical assignments and limited knowledge toward this. Here, we uncover the identity and spatial distribution of molecular species from a gasoline direct injector, diesel injector, and filter deposit in situ using a new hyphenation of secondary ion mass spectrometry and the state-of-the-art Orbitrap mass analyzer (3D OrbiSIMS) and elemental analysis. Through a high mass resolving power and tandem MS we unambiguously uncovered the identity, distribution, and origin of species including alkylbenzyl sulfonates and provide evidence of deposit formation mechanisms including formation of longer chain sulfonates at the gasoline deposit’s surface as well as aromatization to form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons up to C66H20, which were prevalent in the lower depth of this deposit. Inorganic salts contributed significantly to the diesel injector deposit throughout its depth, suggesting contamination over multiple fueling cycles. Findings will enable several strategies to mitigate these insoluble materials such as implementing stricter worldwide fuel specifications, modifying additives with adverse reactivity, and synthesizing new fuel additives to solubilize deposits in the engine, thereby leading to less polluting vehicles

Molecular Formula Prediction for Chemical Filtering of 3D OrbiSIMS Datasets

Modern mass spectrometry techniques produce a wealth of spectral data, and although this is an advantage in terms of the richness of the information available, the volume and complexity of data can prevent a thorough interpretation to reach useful conclusions. Application of molecular formula prediction (MFP) to produce annotated lists of ions that have been filtered by their elemental composition and considering structural double bond equivalence are widely used on high resolving power mass spectrometry datasets. However, this has not been applied to secondary ion mass spectrometry data. Here, we apply this data interpretation approach to 3D OrbiSIMS datasets, testing it for a series of increasingly complex samples. In an organic on inorganic sample, we successfully annotated the organic contaminant overlayer separately from the substrate. In a more challenging purely organic human serum sample we filtered out both proteins and lipids based on elemental compositions, 226 different lipids were identified and validated using existing databases, and we assigned amino acid sequences of abundant serum proteins including albumin, fibronectin, and transferrin. Finally, we tested the approach on depth profile data from layered carbonaceous engine deposits and annotated previously unidentified lubricating oil species. Application of an unsupervised machine learning method on filtered ions after performing MFP from this sample uniquely separated depth profiles of species, which were not observed when performing the method on the entire dataset. Overall, the chemical filtering approach using MFP has great potential in enabling full interpretation of complex 3D OrbiSIMS datasets from a plethora of material types

“The Original Journals of ‘Kitty’ Wilmot”: manufacturing women’s travel writing in the salon of Helen Maria Williams

This article discusses the implications of a previously unknown Romantic-period manuscript by Anglo-Irish traveler Katherine Wilmot (1773–1824). A later version of Wilmot’s epistolary travelogue of 1801–03 has been valued as an artifact of British experience abroad during the Peace of Amiens for its descriptions of Napoleonic Paris. Yet the newly discovered draft reveals a deeper assimilation within and sympathy towards the radical political and literary networks Wilmot documented, as well as a budding relationship with author and salonnière Helen Maria Williams that is occluded from the later narrative. This article examines the complex choices surrounding authorship for British women abroad in the period by considering a refused invitation that Wilmot submit writing to The English Press, the publishing venture of Williams and her companion John Hurford Stone. The article details Wilmot’s evolving writing in terms of Williams’s influence, outlining how British women travel writers reshaped their experiences to meet the expectations of readers at home while also considering the impact of sedition, gendered agency, and political affinity on the production and reception of their writing

Vocational training for rehabilitation in British Columbia for World War II veterans to March 31, 1945

[No abstract submitted]Education, Faculty ofGraduat

Application of chromatography and mass spectrometry to the analysis of gasoline

The introduction of increasing stringent emission legislation placed on vehicle manufactures has resulted in the development of more efficient gasoline engines, namely, the development of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. GDI provides increased efficiency when compared to previous fuel injection systems. Although, GDI injectors are susceptible to injector nozzle deposits due to the elevated pressures and temperatures experienced within the combustion chamber. The presence of deposits within the injector nozzle impact the spray pattern produced and the flow of gasoline, reducing the efficiency of GDI. It is postulated that the formation of deposits is linked to gasoline composition, thus it is essential to comprehensively understand the chemical make-up of gasoline. Mass spectrometry and chromatography are extremely versatile tools to investigate gasoline composition, providing selectivity and detailed structural information for the compounds present.EI GC-MS is the industry standard technique for gasoline analysis. It affords high chromatographic resolution and detailed structural information from energetic fragmentation for the hydrocarbon base fuel and volatile additives in gasoline. Although it is limited to thermally stable and low molecular weight compounds. Gasoline samples can often appear near identical, with just varying concentrations of the compounds present.The use of atmospheric pressure ionisation mass spectrometry (API-MS) (i.e. electrospray ionisation, atmospheric pressure photo-ionisation and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation) has permitted the detection of thermally labile and high molecular weight compounds within the gasoline matrix, while providing selectivity for the polar fraction of the gasoline, eliminating the hydrocarbon matrix. Differences between gasoline samples, which appeared identical by GC-MS are readily apparent, further selectivity was achieved by using ionisation additives.Due to gasoline’s increase solubility in supercritical CO2 when compared to the mobile phases of liquid chromatography, ultra-high pressure supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) was used to separate components of the gasoline samples prior to ionisation to reduce the effect of ion suppression.Two derivatised polyisobutylene detergent additives and one derivatised polypropylene glycol fluidiser additive. The additives were identified in finished gasoline samples at typically doping concentrations, without the use of pure standards for each polymeric additive. The gasoline samples required little sample preparation (i.e. a 5 % gasoline in methanol, and the addition of an ionisation additive).Optical microscopy was used to identify performance reducing deposits within GDI injectors from test engines in an attempt to correlate the presence of deposits with compounds within the gasoline matrix.SpectralWorks AnalyzerProTM was used to provide a gauge on the similarity of the GC-MS data of ten gasoline samples, which look near identical when interpreting manually. One gasoline was identified as being very different compared to the other nine gasoline samples. This gasoline is thought to be a fuel designed to produce deposits within a test engine, and is described by a reference fuel patent (US 8764854 B).UHPSFC coupled to API-MS was used to investigate the presence deposit precursors, named by the patent, within the gasoline samples (diolefins and peroxides)