"Research in Cambodia, Half a Century Ago: An Address to the Thailand, Laos, Cambodia Studies Group"

Address to the Thailand, Laos, Cambodia Studies Association at the Association for Asian Studies Annual Conference in Toronto, March 16, 2012 This event has given me the opportunity to return to almost the beginning of my academic career: my doctoral fieldwork in Cambodia fifty years ago. (It was preceded by fieldwork in an Inuit community in the Ungava, Northern Canada; not relevant here.) Rereading my publications from that research has allowed me to relive the excitement of my Cambodian year, living with my wife and child in Phnom Penh apart from a month in Siem Reap, where I could hire a cyclo for ten riels and visit the various ruins of Angkor every afternoon. Research on overseas Chinese was informed by different paradigms in those days. Bill Skinner was a leading thinker in the field, and Maurice Freedman, my mentor and supervisor, was another. Our issues focused on community social structure and nationalism—many of us were supporters of the national liberation movements in Southeast Asian countries. For most of us, Chinese identity was simply a methodological issue..

On geostrophic adjustment of a two-layer, uniformly rotating fluid in the presence of a step escarpment

This paper addresses the Rossby adjustment problem for an inviscid uniformly rotating two-layer fluid in the presence of a step escarpment of infinite length. The problem can be solved analytically for the case when the ratio of the step height to the average depth of the lower layer is small. In this case two well-separated adjustment time scales emerge; the rapid, inertial and the slow, topographic vortex-stretching time scales. The fluid is assumed to be at rest initially with imposed step discontinuities in the free surface and interfacial displacements oriented perpendicular to the escarpment. A two time-scale approach shows that during the rapid inertial adjustment the fluid is not influenced by the topography. On the slow vortex-stretching time scale the fluid adjusts via the propagation of topographic Rossby waves, modified by stratification, along the step. A steady state solution is established in which the flow is geostrophically balanced in both layers. Therefore, in this steady state no fluid in the lower layer crosses the escarpment. However, cross-escarpment flow occurs in the upper layer. The volume of fluid in the upper layer that crosses the escarpment, rather than being deflected parallel to the topography, is calculated

Measurement of Newtonian fluid slip using a torsional ultrasonic oscillator

The composite torsional ultrasonic oscillator, a versatile experimental system, can be used to investigate slip of Newtonian fluid at a smooth surface. A rigorous analysis of slip-dependent damping for the oscillator is presented. Initially, the phenomenon of finite surface slip and the slip length are considered for a half-space of Newtonian fluid in contact with a smooth, oscillating solid surface. Definitions are revisited and clarified in light of inconsistencies in the literature. We point out that, in general oscillating flows, Navier's slip length b is a complex number. An intuitive velocity discontinuity parameter of unrestricted phase is used to describe the effect of slip on measurement of viscous shear damping. The analysis is applied to the composite oscillator and preliminary experimental work for a 40 kHz oscillator is presented. The Non-Slip Boundary Condition (NSBC) has been verified for a hydrophobic surface in water to within ~60 nm of |b|=0 nm. Experiments were carried out at shear rate amplitudes between 230 and 6800 /s, corresponding to linear displacement amplitudes between 3.2 and 96 nm.Comment: Revised with minor edits for revie

COVID-19 in Women's health: Pre-operative gynaecological assessment and shared decision making

The National Health Service (NHS) response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about rapid and innovative changes to surgical care in gynaecology, shared decision making around operative procedures and pre-operative gynaecological pathways. Short-term changes are linked to the redeployment of resources away from elective gynaecology and long-term changes relate to accelerating the streamlining of treatments, telemedicine and education in patient self-management. The speed and recency of the response does not yet permit the creation of a large evidence base for effective and acceptable interventions, apart from anecdotal observations of ‘what works well’’ good practice and guidance from the Royal Colleges and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

Embedded Agency in Institutional Theory: Problem or Paradox

In “Beyond Constraining and Enabling: Toward New Microfoundations in Institutional Theory” Professor Cardinale (2018) seeks to expose and correct “shortcomings” (p.133) in institutional theory’s conceptualization of structure, agency and their relationship. To this end, he theorizes the “different mechanism[s] through which actors are embedded in structure” (p.134). We agree that institutional theory’s microfoundations merit theoretical attention and development. However, we question the premise that the issue of agency in institutional theory is adequately, or even plausibly, formulated as one of “embeddedness”. We also challenge the relevance of Professor Cardinale’s engagement of Husserl to help solve what we argue to be a phantom problem central to his theory

Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion

This study proposed a method to quantify direct and indirect effects of the joint torque inputs in the speed-generating mechanism of a swinging motion. Linear and angular accelerations of all segments within a multi-linked system can be expressed as the sum of contributions from a joint torque term, gravitational force term and motion-dependent term (MDT), where the MDT is a nonlinear term consisting of centrifugal force, Coriolis force and a gyroscopic effect moment. Direct effects result from angular accelerations induced by a joint torque at a given instant, whereas indirect effects arise through the MDT induced by joint torques exerted in the past. These two effects were quantified for the kicking-side leg during a rugby place kick. The MDT was the largest contributor to the foot centre of gravity (CG)’s speed at ball contact. Of the factors responsible for generating the MDT, the direct and indirect effects of the hip flexion-extension torque during both the flight phase (from the final kicking foot take-off to support foot contact) and the subsequent support phase (from support foot contact to ball contact) were important contributors to the foot CG’s speed at ball contact. The indirect effect of the ankle plantar-dorsal flexion torque and the direct effect of the knee flexion-extension torque during the support phase showed the largest positive and negative contributions to the foot CG’s speed at ball contact, respectively. The proposed method allows the identification of which individual joint torque axes are crucial and the timings of joint torque exertion that are used to generate a high speed of the distal point of a multi-linked system

THE KICKING FOOT SWING PLANE IN RUGBY PLACE KICKING

This study aimed to determine the planarity of the kicking foot path in experienced rugby place kickers and to assess the effect of different data treatment methods on measured swing plane variables. Thirteen kickers completed a series of kicks and a least squares plane was fitted to the kicking foot CM trajectory throughout various lengths of the downswing using orthogonal regression. The foot path was typically planar for the last 1.25 m of the downswing. The swing planes were inclined at 50.0 ± 4.2° to the horizontal and the line of intersection between the swing planes and the global horizontal plane was directed 22.3 ± 3.5° right of target. It was proposed that swing planes should be fitted to data sampled at equal spatial divisions and that kicking foot swing planes could offer a useful context for understanding more about proximal technical factors in place kicking

Native American College Students: A Group Forgotten

Broadening McClellan’s (2003) study through 2011, the authors utilize qualitative content analysis of over two thousand journal articles, professional association conference programs, and reflective memos, to detail the extent to which Native American college students remain a forgotten group within the literature. The authors’ positionality and Indigenous feminist theory inform the study. The study concludes by exploring the benefits of expanded Native American college student research and the authors propose a research agenda that can guide higher education professionals to better serve the educational needs of this unique group

The electronic structure of La1−x_{1-x}Srx_{x}MnO3_{3} thin films and its TcT_c dependence as studied by angle-resolved photoemission

We present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy results for thin films of the three-dimensional manganese perovskite La$_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$. We show that the transition temperature ($T_c$) from the paramagnetic insulating to ferromagnetic metallic state is closely related to details of the electronic structure, particularly to the spectral weight at the ${\bf k}$-point, where the sharpest step at the Fermi level was observed. We found that this ${\bf k}$-point is the same for all the samples, despite their different $T_c$. The change of $T_c$ is discussed in terms of kinetic energy optimization. Our ARPES results suggest that the change of the electronic structure for the samples having different transition temperatures is different from the rigid band shift.Comment: Accepted by Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte

Geographic variation in dispersal distance facilitates range expansion of a lake shore plant in response to climate change

AimGeographic variation in dispersal abilities is widespread and likely to affect species’ range dynamics in response to climate change. However, distribution models that predict climate‐induced range shifts do not account for spatial variation in dispersal. We developed an eco‐genetic model to investigate how variation in dispersal distances across a species’ range could interact with climate‐induced selection and alter predicted range dynamics in a species with documented variation in dispersal traits.LocationWe investigated the range of an annual plant, Cakile edentula var. lacustris, which occupies beaches spanning a 555 km latitudinal gradient along the Laurentian Great Lakes.MethodsWe built a hybrid model that combines climatic niche modelling, based on decadal climate projections, with an individual‐based model that allows for evolutionary processes to act upon a heritable dispersal kernel. We evaluated how spatial variation in dispersal distance and dispersal evolution influenced range dynamics, spatial and temporal variation in dispersal, and the distribution of neutral genetic variation. The model was parametrized with data on C. edentula’s distribution, life history and dispersal characteristics.ResultsGeographic variation in dispersal distance, adaptive dispersal evolution and dispersal distance increased the potential for local populations of C. edentula to keep pace with changing climatic conditions through range shifts. Dispersal distances always increased at the expanding and contracting range edges when dispersal was allowed to evolve. Furthermore, scenarios where dispersal distances were initially lower at the range edges resulted in the largest evolutionary changes over 105 years (>1.5 km increase in mean distance at northern edge). Adaptive dispersal evolution always reduced neutral genetic diversity across the species’ range.Main conclusionsVariation in dispersal abilities across C. edentula’s range and adaptive evolution led to different predicted outcomes in range dynamics during climate change illustrating the importance of including spatial variation in dispersal into species distribution models.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151269/1/ddi12951.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151269/2/ddi12951_am.pd