Putting learning into practice: self-reflections from cops

Canterbury Christ Church University (CCCU) have been involved in police education with serving police officers for over twenty years. The College of Policing (COP) are currently considering a range of options to develop learning within the police organisation and this involves a drive for more officers to be degree educated. The responses to a recent public consultation on this proposal involved some differing views on its introduction. Some of the criticism coming from officers themselves about the proposal argues that there is a limited evidence base for degree level entry and this small study provides some insight into this world. This paper will discuss the findings from interviews conducted with police graduates from CCCU following their completion of either a BSc or MSc degree programme in Policing. It will discuss police officers’ perceptions of their ability to utilise the learning they have gleaned in the classroom and how it is received from their supervisors and peers. The aim of the drive to increase education in policing focuses on the need for students to develop critical thinking skills, to further apply knowledge and their problem solving abilities. The research found that police officer graduates felt these skills were enhanced as a result of undertaking a degree, and felt empowered to apply their knowledge. However, findings indicated inconsistencies as to whether this knowledge was applied in practice. This often depended on whether an officer’s immediate and senior management were receptive to embrace learning, more often than not there was a lack of willingness from management to ‘hear’ the learning from the police graduates interviewed in this study. Therefore, this research found that in order to embed knowledge systematically, a wider infrastructure is required to facilitate this at every rank of the police organisation

Criteria of recovery of Maladjusted children in residential schools

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Partisan Gerrymandering: The Promise and Limits of State Court Judicial Review

In 2021, the Oregon Legislature succeeded in redrawing the state’s legislative and congressional districts, but the new redistricting plans were immediately challenged in state court as partisan gerrymanders. The Oregon Supreme Court rejected the challenge to the state legislative map, but its analysis, which accorded significant deference to the legislature’s choices, raised more questions than answers about the appropriate level of scrutiny for state redistricting plans. A special, five-judge court likewise rejected the gerrymandering challenge to the congressional map, and, while its analysis was less deferential, its decision also left unanswered the fundamental question regarding at what point a redistricting plan becomes an impermissible gerrymander. Both decisions, then, highlight the difficulty for state courts to police partisan gerrymandering. This Article concludes by examining some of the reasons for the Oregon courts’ deferential approach to reviewing redistricting plans and offers several recommendations for future reform – recommendations that apply equally to other states whose redistricting process and legal framework governing redistricting share similarities with Oregon’s

The Background and Significance of Mount Laurel II {Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel, 456 A.2d 390 (N.J.)}

There has always been a strong strain in American culture emphasizing equal treatment before the law; it is a recurrent strain, and one that will not go away. From one viewpoint, American history may be viewed as one long story of how this concern has eventually vanquished contrary public policies. Yet the process has often been agonizingly slow. Take for example the story of equal access to land and housing: public enforcement of private racial covenants survived for thirty years after racial zoning was held unconstitutional, and for a similar period restrictions upon land ownership by aliens were constitutional

Respiration Rate as a Measure of Performance in Adaptation Studies in Oats

This study was designed to investigate differences, if any, in respiration rates found among varieties generally similar but strongly contrasting in a few specific yield influencing characters. The basic assumption has been that yield is the summation of p hysiological processes and the components of yield should therefore also be expected to be based on these processes. Eight oat varieties which represented gross differences in phenotypic expression of yield, maturity and plant type were selected for this study. The material used in this study was grown at Brookings during the 1958 season in three replications with blocks completely randomized. In general, early maturing varieties exhibited the higher respiration rates and later types a relatively lower ra te. A significant correlation was calculated between the mean daily respiration rates computed on fresh weight and total nitrogen bases. This is interpreted to mean that relationships which may be established on a fresh weight basis could be expected to be similar to relationships calculated on a total nitrogen basis. The differences among varieties in the mean number of tillers per plant are also highly significant

Analysis of Clinical Trials and Review of Recent Advances in Therapy Decisions for Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer

Despite the implementation of screening and early detection in many countries, the prostate cancer mortality rate remains high, particularly when the cancer is locally advanced. Targeted therapies with high efficacy and minimal harms should be particularly beneficial in this group, and several new approaches show promise. This article briefly analyses relevant clinical studies listed on ClinicalTrials.gov, combined with a short literature review that considers new therapeutic approaches that can be investigated in future clinical trials. Therapies using gold nanoparticles are of special interest in low-resource settings as they can localize and enhance the cancer-cell killing potential of X-rays using equipment that is already widely available

Why the National Popular Vote Compact is Unconstitutional

Unable to secure passage of a federal constitutional amendment abolishing the Electoral College, several opponents of the Electoral College have sought to establish the direct, popular election of the President via an interstate compact according to which individual signatory states agree to appoint their presidential electors in accordance with the nationwide popular vote. Ostensibly designed to prevent elections, such as the one in 2000, in which the Electoral College “misfired” and chose the candidate who received fewer popular votes, the National Popular Vote Compact has been adopted by several states, including California. In this Article, I argue that the National Popular Vote Compact violates the Presidential Elections Clause of Article II of the U.S. Constitution. Although the text of the Clause seems to give states unlimited power to select the manner in which each state’s presidential electors are chosen, a close reading of U.S. history suggests the need and propriety of limiting the scope of state authority under the Clause. Not only did the framers of the Constitution expressly reject the idea of a direct, popular election for President, but also not one state either in the wake of ratification or at any time thereafter has ever sought to appoint its presidential electors on the basis of votes cast outside the state, as the National Popular Vote Compact requires. In the same way that similar historical considerations led the U.S. Supreme Court to limit the scope of state authority with respect to federal legislative elections, this history regarding the Presidential Elections Clause likewise counsels in favor of a more limited understanding of state authority under Article II. As such, if opponents wish to abolish the Electoral College, the sole constitutionally proper mechanism for doing so is a federal constitutional amendment, not an interstate compact negotiated by a handful of states