Unions and Democracy: When Do Nonmembers Have Voting Rights?

La Salud Sexual y Reproductiva se define como “un estado general de bienestar físico, mental y social, y no de mera ausencia de enfermedades o dolencias” (Stampar,1946). Sobre las acciones hacia adolescentes, ha sido dilemático y conflictivo el trato en relación a la vivencia de la sexualidad y a los aspectos referidos a las decisiones de esta población. La Conferencia Internacional de Población y Desarrollo de Naciones Unidas aborda las necesidades de la población adolescente, y recomienda la implementación de servicios específicos resaltando el derecho de los y las adolescentes “a la intimidad, confidencialidad, el respeto y el consentimiento basado en una información correcta y respetuosa de los valores culturales y las creencias religiosas” (CIPD, 1994). En marzo de 2005, se crea en Uruguay el Programa Nacional de Salud Adolescente, con el objetivo de construir una política nacional de salud integral para la adolescencia, basada en principios de universalidad, equidad, accesibilidad, territorialidad y respeto por la diversidad. En el marco de estas acciones, se crean luego los “espacios adolescentes” los cuales se presentan como un espacio diferencial de atención y promoción de la salud con especial énfasis en el enfoque de derecho y género. Este estudio pretende evaluar el funcionamiento de una selección de espacios diferenciales destinados a adolescentes con el fin de contribuir a su desarrollo, expansión y fortalecimiento

A systematic review of interventions in primary care to improve health literacy for chronic disease behavioral risk factors

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions used in primary care to improve health literacy for change in smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity and weight (SNAPW). Methods: A systematic review of intervention studies that included outcomes for health literacy and SNAPW behavioral risk behaviors implemented in primary care settings. We searched the Cochrane Library, Johanna Briggs Institute, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Psychinfo, Web of Science, Scopus, APAIS, Australasian Medical Index, Google Scholar, Community of Science and four targeted journals (Patient Education and Counseling, Health Education and Behaviour, American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Preventive Medicine). Study inclusion criteria: Adults over 18 years; undertaken in a primary care setting within an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country; interventions with at least one measure of health literacy and promoting positive change in smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity and/or weight; measure at least one outcome associated with health literacy and report a SNAPW outcome; and experimental and quasi-experimental studies, cohort, observational and controlled and non-controlled before and after studies. Papers were assessed and screened by two researchers (JT, AW) and uncertain or excluded studies were reviewed by a third researcher (MH). Data were extracted from the included studies by two researchers (JT, AW). Effectiveness studies were quality assessed. A typology of interventions was thematically derived from the studies by grouping the SNAPW interventions into six broad categories: individual motivational interviewing and counseling; group education; multiple interventions (combination of interventions); written materials; telephone coaching or counseling; and computer or web based interventions. Interventions were classified by intensity of contact with the subjects (High ≥ 8 points of contact/hours; Moderate \u3e3 and \u3c8; Low ≤ 3 points of contact hours) and setting (primary health, community or other). Studies were analyzed by intervention category and whether significant positive changes in SNAPW and health literacy outcomes were reported. Results: 52 studies were included. Many different intervention types and settings were associated with change in health literacy (73% of all studies) and change in SNAPW (75% of studies). More low intensity interventions reported significant positive outcomes for SNAPW (43% of studies) compared with high intensity interventions (33% of studies). More interventions in primary health care than the community were effective in supporting smoking cessation whereas the reverse was true for diet and physical activity interventions. Conclusion: Group and individual interventions of varying intensity in primary health care and community settings are useful in supporting sustained change in health literacy for change in behavioral risk factors. Certain aspects of risk behavior may be better handled in clinical settings while others more effectively in the community. Our findings have implications for the design of programs

Economic Feasibility of Impermeable Lagoon Covers

Environmental Economics and Policy,

Magnetic irreversibility and Verwey transition in nano-crystalline bacterial magnetite

The magnetic properties of biologically-produced magnetite nanocrystals biomineralized by four different magnetotactic bacteria were compared to those of synthetic magnetite nanocrystals and large, high quality single crystals. The magnetic feature at the Verwey temperature, $T_{V}$, was clearly seen in all nanocrystals, although its sharpness depended on the shape of individual nanoparticles and whether or not the particles were arranged in magnetosome chains. The transition was broader in the individual superparamagnetic nanoparticles for which $T_{B}<T_{V}$, where $T_{B}$ is the superparamagnetic blocking temperature. For the nanocrystals organized in chains, the effective blocking temperature $T_{B}>T_{V}$ and the Verwey transition is sharply defined. No correlation between the particle size and $T_{V}$ was found. Furthermore, measurements of $M(H,T,time)$ suggest that magnetosome chains behave as long magnetic dipoles where the local magnetic field is directed along the chain and this result confirms that time-logarithmic magnetic relaxation is due to the collective (dipolar) nature of the barrier for magnetic moment reorientation

Relevansi Kompetensi Alumni Program Studi Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Petra Dalam Dunia Kerja

Pendidikan tinggi saat ini harus berorientasi pada kompetensi yang dibutuhkan oleh dunia kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa relevan faktor-faktor kompetensi meliputi pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap yang didapatkan dari perkuliahan Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Petra dengan kebutuhan yang ada di dunia kerja serta mengetahui perbedaan persepsi berdasarkan peran responden (kontraktor dan konsultan) dan pengalaman kerja responden (dibawah 5 tahun, 5 sampai 10 tahun, diatas 10 tahun). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara penyebaran kuisioner yang ditujukan kepada alumni Program Studi Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Petra yang berperan sebagai kontraktor dan konsultan yang terlibat secara langsung dalam suatu proyek konstruksi. Selanjutnya semua kuesoiner yang berhasil terkumpul dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan analisis Independent Sample T-test, dan one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan program SPSS. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa faktor kompetensi yang paling relevan antara kurikulum pendidikan Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Petra dengan kebutuhan dunia kerja secara total adalah “Detail Tulangan” untuk aspek pengetahuan. Untuk aspek keterampilan, subvariabel terbesar adalah “Mampu menjadi pembelajar mandiri dalam mengikuti perkembangan ilmu teknik sipil”. Untuk aspek sikap, subvariabel tertinggi adalah “Experience”. Selain itu dari hasil analisis, menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan persepsi berdasarkan peran dan pengalaman responden

Ecological Impact Of Historical Land‐Use Patterns In The Great Plains: A Methodological Assessment

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117101/1/eap20051561915.pd

Benchmark: using sensors to study public space

Efforts have been made throughout history to measure how people use public space. This research seeks to integrate a range of sensor technologies to automate analysis of pedestrian usage of public space. A range of environmental sensors, image recognition utilities, and open-source software are combined to create a system to measure in detail how people use public space, with the intention of serving as a tool for creating better public spaces in the future. This framework is part of a broader effort to offer organizations and individuals methods and data to inform place-making interventions at multiple scales in conjunction with the Gehl Institute and Better Block Foundation

AMTEC vapor-vapor series connected cells

An alkali metal thermoelectric converter (AMTEC) having a plurality of cells structurally connected in series to form a septum dividing a plenum into two chambers, and electrically connected in series, is provided with porous metal anodes and porous metal cathodes in the cells. The cells may be planar or annular, and in either case a metal alkali vapor at a high temperature is provided to the plenum through one chamber on one side of the wall and returned to a vapor boiler after condensation at a chamber on the other side of the wall in the plenum. If the cells are annular, a heating core may be placed along the axis of the stacked cells. This arrangement of series-connected cells allows efficient generation of power at high voltage and low current

Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program: An Economic and Operational Analysis

The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), a part of the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, requires the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to penalize hospitals with excess readmissions. We take an economic and operational (patient flow) perspective to analyze the effectiveness of this policy in encouraging hospitals to reduce readmissions. We develop a game-theoretic model that captures the competition among hospitals inherent in HRRP’s benchmarking mechanism. We show that this competition can be counterproductive: it increases the number of nonincentivized hospitals, which prefer paying penalties over reducing readmissions in any equilibrium. We calibrate our model with a data set of more than 3,000 hospitals in the United States and show that under the current policy, and for a large set of parameters, 4%–13% of the hospitals remain nonincentivized to reduce readmissions. We also validate our model against the actual performance of hospitals in the three years since the introduction of the policy. We draw several policy recommendations to improve this policy’s outcome. For example, localizing the benchmarking process—comparing hospitals against similar peers—improves the performance of the policy