The utilisation of groups for innovation and knowledge transfer

The use of group processes to encourage innovation and to transfer best practice is relatively novel in the agricultural sector. However, Menter a Busnes, a Welsh economic development company, has been utilising this approach for over a decade. Since successfully tendering in 2011 to deliver the main elements of the Farming Connect programme funded by the Welsh Government under the Rural Development Plan, they have been developing and expanding group principles with a view to engaging a greater number of farmers for a variety of purposes and with a broad range of different groups. This paper outlines how the company initially became involved in group processes through the design and launch of the Agrisgôp programme which utilises Action Learning to develop ideas and resolve issues. Examples of some of the projects undertaken by the groups are given along with experiences relating to group dynamics and facilitation. The broader context of the current Farming Connect programme is described and the variety and nature of group processes currently being utilised for knowledge transfer is discussed. Two studies undertaken in relation to groups are outlined. The first considers whether personality can be used to predict effective facilitators of organisational change and the second involves the design and development of a mixed measures tool to quantify the impact of group processes over time. Finally some conclusions are drawn with regard to lessons learnt in relation to group methodologies and possible ways forward for the future

Observation of thermally-induced magnetic relaxation in a magnetite grain using off-axis electron holography

A synthetic basalt comprising magnetic Fe3O4 grains (~ 50 nm to ~ 500 nm in diameter) is investigated using a range of complementary nano-characterisation techniques. Off-axis electron holography combined with in situ heating allowed for the visualisation of the thermally-induced magnetic relaxation of an Fe3O4 grain (~ 300 nm) from an irregular domain state into a vortex state at 550˚C, just below its Curie temperature, with the magnetic intensity of the vortex increasing on cooling

Computer simulations of protein folding

Computer simulations of biological systems provide novel data while both supporting and challenging traditional experimental methods. However, continued innovation is required to ensure that these technologies are able to work with increasingly complex systems. Coarse–grained approximations of protein structure have been studied using a lattice model designed to find low–energy conformations. A hydrogen–bonding term has been introduced. The ability to form β–sheet has been demonstrated, and the intricacies of reproducing the more complex α–helix on a lattice have been considered. An alternative strategy, that of better utilising computing power through the technique of milestoning, has shown good agreement with previous experimental and computational work. The increased efficiency allows significantly less extreme simulation conditions to be applied than those used in alternative simulation methods, and allows more simulation repeats. Finally, the principles of Least Action Dynamics have been employed to combine the two approaches described above. By splitting a simulation trajectory into a number of smaller components, and using the lattice model to optimise the path from a start structure to an end structure, it has been possible to efficiently generate dynamical information using an alternative method to traditional molecular dynamics