STS propellant scavenging systems study. Part 2, volume 1: Executive summary and study results

The major objective of the STS Propellant Scavenging Study is to define the hardware, operations, and life cycle costs for recovery of unused Space Transportation System propellants. Earlier phases were concerned exclusively with the recovery of cryogenic propellants from the main propulsion system of the manned STS. The phase of the study covered by this report (Part II Extension) modified the objectives to include cryogenic propellants delivered to orbit by the unmanned cargo vehicle. The Part II Extension had the following objectives: (1) predict OTV propellant requirements from 1995 to 2010; investigate scavenging/transport tank reuse; determine optimum tank sizing and arrangement; and develop hardware concepts for tanks

STS propellant scavenging systems study. Part 2, volume 2: Cost and WBS/dictionary

Presented are the results of the cost analysis performed to update and refine the program phase C/D cost estimates for a Shuttle Derived Vehicle (SDV) tanker. The SDV tanker concept is an unmanned cargo vehicle incorporating a set of propellant tanks in the vehicle's payload module. The tanker will be used to meet the demand for a cryogenic propellant supply in orbit. The propellant tanks are delivered to a low Earth orbit or to an orbit in the vicinity of the Space Station. The intent of the economic analysis is to provide NASA with economic justification for the propellant scavenging concept that minimizes the total Space Transportation System life cycle cost. The detailed costs supporting the concept selection process are presented with descriptive text to aid in forecasting the phase C/D project and program planning. Included are all propellant scavenging costs as well as all SDV, STS and Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle charges to deliver the propellants to the Space Station

Periodic substorm activity in the geomagnetic tail

On 19 May 1978 an anusual series of events is observed with the Quadrispherical LEPEDEA on board the ISEE-1 satellite in the Earth's geomagnetic tail. For 13 hours periodic bursts of both ions and electrons are seen in all the particle detectors on the spacecraft. On this day periodic activity is also seen on the ground, where multiple intensifications of the electrojets are observed. At the same time the latitudinal component of the interplanetary magnetic field shows a number of strong southward deflections. It is concluded that an extended period of substorm activity is occurring, which causes repeated thinnings and recoveries of the plasma sheet. These are detected by ISEE, which is situated in the plasma sheet boundary layer, as periodic dropouts and reappearances of the plasma. Comparisons of the observations at ISEE with those at IMP-8, which for a time is engulfed by the plasma sheet, indicate that the activity is relatively localized in spatial extent. For this series of events it is clear that a global approach to magnetospheric dynamics, e.g., reconnection, is inappropriate

Growth trajectories and their associated risk factors among children in Scotland

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from OUP via the DOI in this recor

The Role, Rationale, and Economics of a Shuttle Derived Cargo Vehicle

The Space Transportation System is now operational and a new evolution of space activities is emerging. Space is an international frontier and will be pursued by many nations, individually and collectively. Commercial exploitation of space systems is increasing with international breadth. Launch services, formerly a government provided function, also are encountering an evolution. International competition is keen and plans proliferate for private industry involvement in this vital element of the space flight scenario. The United States has made good its commitment to develop and bring into operational status a STS to meet its own need as well as to provide launch services to industry and other nations. The STS has tremendous growth potential utilizing existing flight elements, production capacity, logistics systems and launch/flight operations facilities. This paper describes the growth potential, develops a rationale for a Shuttle Derived Cargo Vehicle and illustrates its role as well as the economic implications of its addition to the STS inventory of launch systems

Reconstructing the Dietary Signal of the Primate Taxon Cercopithecoides williamsi from the Plio-Pleistocene Caves of South Africa

The taxon known as Cercopithecoides williamsi has been reconstructed as a terrestrial primate folivore from its dental morphology and heavy dental microwear. It was recovered at a number of Plio-Pleistocene caves in South Africa, including Makapansgat, Sterkfontein Member 4, Sterkfontein West Pit and Bolt’s Farm. For the purposes of corroborating or contradicting previous dietary reconstructions, six specimens of Cercopithecoides williamsi were examined and compared with the extant primate taxa Papio ursinus (n = 5), Papio cynocephalus (n = 5) and Colobus polykomos (n = 5) to provide a frame of reference, using low-magnification stereomicroscopy in conjunction with an ocular reticle (0.04 mm x 0.04 mm) as a standard sampling strategy. Least Square Means derived from Analyses of Variance and Tukey’s post-hoc tests of significance detected significant signals in the dataset. Papio ursinus is significantly distinct from the other specimens in its low pit count and high scratch frequency, indicative of the consumption of grass blades and underground storage organs. Colobus polykomos is significantly distinct in its high number of pits and low scratch frequency, indicating folivory. Cercopithecoides williamsi lies between these two extremes by exhibiting moderate amounts of pits and relatively low numbers of scratches, which is more similar to Colobus polykomos, corroborating prior inferences of folivory in this taxon. The Sterkfontein West Pit specimen, SWP 495, however, is somewhat variant from the other Cercopithecoides williamsi individuals in its heavy scratch count, indicating a mixed diet, perhaps from a drier habitat at the terminal Pliocene or early Pleistocene

A profile of rural home buyers and builders and their use of housing credit

Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with Farm Production Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (page 42)

Land tenure arrangements : in relation to scale of farming operations and resource use in the Marshall soils areas of northwest Missouri and adjoining states

The bulletin is a report on Department of Agricultural Economics research project 431 Resource Use--P. [2].Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references

Ariel - Volume 3 Number 7

Editors Richard J. Bonanno Robin A. Edwards Associate Editors Steven Ager Tom Williams Lay-out Editor Eugenia Miller Contributing Editors Paul Bialas Robert Breckenridge David Jacoby Mike LeWitt Terry Burt Michael Leo Editors Emeritus Delvyn C. Case, Jr. Paul M. Fernhof