The influence of soil type on certain economic and social factors in Tennessee

It is the purpose of this study to show how the soil has affected the lives of the people of Tennessee, and how the people have adjusted themselves to the environmental factor of soil. Insofar as possible the discussion is limited to the soil factors. However, for a state of such heterogeneous character as Tennessee it is often necessary to introduce other factors in order to explain variations from what one would normally expect. For instance, the influence of industrial developments within a region frequently offsets the advantages of one soil type over another

Migration and behavioral studies of two adult noctuid (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species plus feeding observations of some moths common to Iowa

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), and armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), are important pests of corn in the Midwest. Scientific research on these pests has often centered on the damaging larval stages. However, earlier studies indicated that the adults of these species migrate into Iowa cornfields. Therefore, research focusing on the adult stages is needed. Specifically, the daily timing of adult eclosion, nocturnal feeding behavior (both laboratory and field) and migration tracking by pollen analysis are addressed;The time of adult eclosion for black cutworm and armyworm was examined. Peak eclosion of both species occurred during 2200 hr. No differences between sexes were observed. Eclosion times of laboratory colonies that were 18 generations removed from the wild were significantly different from eclosion time of colonies 6 generations removed from the wild. Cold storage of 1 week weakened the hourly emergence peaks in both colonies;Posteclosion feeding of laboratory-reared black cutworm and armyworm was also investigated. More than 70% of each species fed in the laboratory within 1 hour after eclosion. Nearly 87% fed within 6 hours;Feral nocturnal feeding of 36 species of moths upon common Iowa plants was also observed. Lepidoptera in the families Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Arctiidae and Geometridae were collected. The first observations of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, feeding on nectar were made;Black cutworm and armyworm males, collected from pheromone traps in Iowa and Missouri, as well as male and female black cutworms from blacklight traps in Iowa were examined for pollen. Pollen was found primarily on the proboscis and in decreasing frequency on the eyes, legs and antennae. Fourteen moths collected in Iowa and Missouri were marked with the exotic pollens of Pithecellobium spp. and Calliandra spp. Pithecellobium was found on a single male armyworm. The closest location of these plants is Texas and northern Mexico. Moths marked with exotic pollen were collected during May in Iowa, and April in Missouri. These results provide empirical evidence for immigration into Missouri and Iowa from a more southern location

Parallel Implementation of Lossy Data Compression for Temporal Data Sets

Many scientific data sets contain temporal dimensions. These are the data storing information at the same spatial location but different time stamps. Some of the biggest temporal datasets are produced by parallel computing applications such as simulations of climate change and fluid dynamics. Temporal datasets can be very large and cost a huge amount of time to transfer among storage locations. Using data compression techniques, files can be transferred faster and save storage space. NUMARCK is a lossy data compression algorithm for temporal data sets that can learn emerging distributions of element-wise change ratios along the temporal dimension and encodes them into an index table to be concisely represented. This paper presents a parallel implementation of NUMARCK. Evaluated with six data sets obtained from climate and astrophysics simulations, parallel NUMARCK achieved scalable speedups of up to 8788 when running 12800 MPI processes on a parallel computer. We also compare the compression ratios against two lossy data compression algorithms, ISABELA and ZFP. The results show that NUMARCK achieved higher compression ratio than ISABELA and ZFP.Comment: 10 pages, HiPC 201

Energy spectrum of turbulent fluctuations in boundary driven reduced magnetohydrodynamics

The nonlinear dynamics of a bundle of magnetic flux ropes driven by stationary fluid motions at their endpoints is studied, by performing numerical simulations of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. The development of MHD turbulence is shown, where the system reaches a state that is characterized by the ratio between the Alfven time (the time for incompressible MHD waves to travel along the field lines) and the convective time scale of the driving motions. This ratio of time scales determines the energy spectra and the relaxation toward different regimes ranging from weak to strong turbulence. A connection is made with phenomenological theories for the energy spectra in MHD turbulence.Comment: Published in Physics of Plasma

Advanced Debris Analysis Techniques Enabled by Rich Persistent Datasets

Recent events in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO), including two probable breakup events in summer 2017, illustrate the potential risks of hazardous debris on orbit. Historically, distinguishing among the many types of negative events that may befall a satellite on orbit (and which may all be grouped together under the category of anomalies) has been challenging, due to a lack of observation data of sufficient volume and quality to support analyses capable of disambiguating these occurrences. As a result, there is limited opportunity to examine these incidents and extract lessons that may support future space traffic management objectives. However, the events of summer 2017 provided extensive data to multiple observers, including the ExoAnalytic Global Telescope Network (EGTN). The significant volume of collected imagery and derived products can be used to interrogate the events in depth and potentially to ascertain future methods of mitigating the relevant risks. In both cases, staring sensors were pointed at the objects, and thousands of frames were collected during the immediate period surrounding the two very different events. Because the sensors used were persistent, there was a stream of relevant data bracketing the time of interest. Because the data collection architecture used captures and stores raw imagery at large scales, the data stream was rich enough to support primary analysis of astrometric and photometric data as well as secondary analysis of the child objects, including attempts to account for impact and kinetic energy conserved through the event. Additionally, because the sensors were elements of a global network, there was an existing detailed pattern of life for the objects, and data from before the breakup was available for comparison, and deviations were notable on an almost real-time basis. Taken together, these facts show the importance of a robust persistent SSA sensor network, and how to utilize the data to develop advanced alerts for other satellites operating nearby. This paper describes the data collected, explains the analyses performed and others that may be possible with additional advancement, and uses the two events as case studies for the future

Executable Architectures and their Application to a Geographically Distributed Air Operations Center

Integrated Architectures and Network Centric Warfare represent two central concepts in the Department of Defense\u27s (DoD) on-going transformation. The true power of integrated architectures is brought to bear when they are combined with simulation to move beyond a static representation and create an executable architecture. This architecture can then be used to experiment with system configurations and parameter values to guide employment decisions. The process of developing and utilizing an executable architecture will be employed to assess an Air Operations Center (AOC). This thesis applies and expands upon the methodology of Dr. Alexander Levis, former Chief Scientist of the Air Force, to the static architecture representing the Aerospace Operations Center (AOC). Using Colored Petri Nets and other simulation tools, an executable architecture for the AOC\u27s Air Tasking Order (ATO) production thread was developed. These models were then used to compare the performance of a current, forward-deployed AOC configuration to three other potential configurations that utilize a network centric environment to deploy a portion of the AOC and provide reach-back capabilities to the non-deployed units. Performance was measured by the amount of time required to execute the ATO cycle under each configuration. Communication requirements were analyzed for each configuration and stochastic delays were modeled for all transactions in which requirements could not be met due to the physical configuration of the AOC elements. All four configurations were found to exhibit statistically different behavior with regard to ATO cycle time

Learning to laugh : children and being human in early modern thought

This essay explores the construction of the human in early modern English thought, and uses discussions of the nature and use of laughter as a distinguishing feature of humanity from classical arguments as well as early modern ones. Using these classical, reformed English discussions of education and of the nature of children reveals an anxiety about the status of the child. Laughing appropriately - using tile mind and not merely the body - is a key feature of being human, and as such, the child's lack of "true' laughter reveals that child's status to be never always-already human. "Human' is a created rather than merely a natural status

The secretory small GTPase Rab27B as a marker for breast cancer progression.

In contemporary oncology practice, an urgent need remains to refine the prognostic assessment of breast cancer. It is still difficult to identify patients with early breast cancer who are likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Although invasion of cancer cells is the main prognostic denominator in tumor malignancy, our molecular understanding and diagnosis are often inadequate to cope with this activity. Therefore, deciphering molecular pathways of how tumors invade and metastasize may help in the identification of a useful prognostic marker. We recently discovered that the secretory small GTPase Rab27B, a regulator of vesicle exocytosis, delivers proinvasive signals for increased invasiveness, tumor size, and metastasis of various estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines, both in vitro and in vivo. In human breast cancer specimens, the presence of Rab27B protein proved to be associated with a low degree of differentiation and the presence of lymph node metastasis in ER-positive breast cancer.publishersversionpublishe