Pengaruh Konsumsi Kopi terhadap Waktu Reaksi Mahasiswi FK Ukrida Angkatan 2014 pada Berbagai Fase Siklus Menstruasi

Pemeriksaan waktu reaksi adalah pemeriksaan yang bertujuan untuk menilai kinerja sesorang, dan merepresentasikan tingkat koordinasi muskuloskeletal. Beberapa hal yang dapat mempengaruhi pemeriksaan waktu reaksi antara lain: intensitas dan durasi stimulus, usia, jenis kelamin, efek latihan, olahraga, dan minum kopi. Waktu reaksi perempuan sangat bergantung pada fase siklus menstruasi, yang akan mempengaruhi kinerja seorang perempuan. Kopi selama ini diketahui dapat meningkatkan waktu reaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi kopi pada perempuan dalam berbagai fase siklus menstruasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana (Ukrida) Angkatan 2014 berusia 20-21 tahun. Alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur waktu reaksi adalah lakassidaya. Pemeriksaan dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah meminum kopi pada ketiga fase menstruasi. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan waktu reaksi sebelum dan sesudah minum kopi pada fase menstruasi sebagai berikut: 188,53±22,61 ms dan 171,3±18,61 ms; fase proliferasi: 204,69±30,97 ms dan 180,44±25,21 ms; fase sekretori: 222,14±33,47 ms dan 188,37±22,7 ms. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna sebelum dan sesudah minum kopi pada fase menstruasi, fase proliferasi (p:0,0001) dan fase sekretori (p:0,006). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara fase menstruasi dengan fase proliferasi, fase menstruasi dengan fase sekretori, dan antara fase proliferasi dengan fase sekretori (p:0,0001). Simpulan: Konsumsi kopi mempercepat waktu reaksi pada semua fase menstruasi. Kata kunci: waktu reaksi, menstruasi, konsumsi kopi, lakassidaya

Supporting Sustainable Development With Open Data

Open data can make an impact across the globe. Its role in combating development challenges of the next 15 years, both as a tool for measuring progress and in finding solutions, is becoming more clear. As this paper will show, open data has been used to help plan smarter cities in Rio de Janeiro, streamline emergency response in the Philippines, map the Ebola outbreak to save lives in West Africa and help parents to assess school performance in Tanzania. Open data can also bring significant economic benefits: it could be used worldwide to generate between US$720-920bn in digital transport applications, and US$150 -- 270bn in geospatial technology. While open data can be used to benefit many sectors, this report identifies three where it could have a significant impact in the next development agenda and beyond. Open data can: i) more effectively target aid money and improve development programmes, ii) track development progress and prevent corruption, and iii) contribute to innovation, job creation and economic growth

Generalized Toffoli gates using qudit catalysis

We present quantum networks for a n-qubit controlled gate C^{n-1}(U) which use a higher dimensional (qudit) ancilla as a catalyser. In its simplest form the network has only n two-particle gates (qubit-qudit) -- this is the minimum number of two-body interactions needed to couple all n+1 subsystems (n qubits plus one ancilla). This class of controlled gates includes the generalised Toffoli gate C^{n-1}(X) on n qubits, which plays an important role in several quantum algorithms and error correction. A particular example implementing this model is given by the dispersive limit of a generalised Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian of an effective spin-s interacting with a cavity mode.Comment: 5 pages, 3 fig

125 - 211 GHz low noise MMIC amplifier design for radio astronomy

To achieve the low noise and wide bandwidth required for millimeter wavelength astronomy applications, superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer based receiver systems have typically been used. This paper investigates the performance of high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based low noise amplifiers (LNAs) as an alternative approach for systems operating in the 125 — 211 GHz frequency range. A four-stage, common-source, unconditionally stable monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) design is presented using the state-of-the-art 35 nm indium phosphide HEMT process from Northrop Grumman Corporation. The simulated MMIC achieves noise temperature (T_e) lower than 58 K across the operational bandwidth, with average T_e of 38.8 K (corresponding to less than 5 times the quantum limit (hf/k) at 170 GHz) and forward transmission of 20.5 ± 0.85 dB. Input and output reflection coefficients are better than -6 and -12 dB, respectively, across the desired bandwidth. To the authors knowledge, no LNA currently operates across the entirety of this frequency range. Successful fabrication and implementation of this LNA would challenge the dominance SIS mixers have on sub-THz receivers

Seasonal variation and impact of waste-water lagoons as larval habitat on the population dynamics of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera:Ceratpogonidae) at two dairy farms in northern California.

The Sacramento (northern Central) Valley of California (CA) has a hot Mediterranean climate and a diverse ecological landscape that is impacted extensively by human activities, which include the intensive farming of crops and livestock. Waste-water ponds, marshes, and irrigated fields associated with these agricultural activities provide abundant larval habitats for C. sonorensis midges, in addition to those sites that exist in the natural environment. Within this region, C. sonorensis is an important vector of bluetongue (BTV) and related viruses that adversely affect the international trade and movement of livestock, the economics of livestock production, and animal welfare. To characterize the seasonal dynamics of immature and adult C. sonorensis populations, abundance was monitored intensively on two dairy farms in the Sacramento Valley from August 2012- to July 2013. Adults were sampled every two weeks for 52 weeks by trapping (CDC style traps without light and baited with dry-ice) along N-S and E-W transects on each farm. One farm had large operational waste-water lagoons, whereas the lagoon on the other farm was drained and remained dry during the study. Spring emergence and seasonal abundance of adult C. sonorensis on both farms coincided with rising vernal temperature. Paradoxically, the abundance of midges on the farm without a functioning waste-water lagoon was increased as compared to abundance on the farm with a waste-water lagoon system, indicating that this infrastructure may not serve as the sole, or even the primary larval habitat. Adult midges disappeared from both farms from late November until May; however, low numbers of parous female midges were detected in traps set during daylight in the inter-seasonal winter period. This latter finding is especially critical as it provides a potential mechanism for the "overwintering" of BTV in temperate regions such as northern CA. Precise documentation of temporal changes in the annual abundance and dispersal of Culicoides midges is essential for the creation of models to predict BTV infection of livestock and to develop sound abatement strategies

PRO-KONTRA PIDANA TAMBAHAN KEBIRI KIMIA TERHADAP PELAKU KEJAHATAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMISI NASIONAL HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN KOMISI PERLINDUNGAN ANAK INDONESIA

Skripsi dengan judul “PRO-KONTRA PIDANA TAMBAHAN KEBIRI KIMIA TERHADAP PELAKU KEJAHATAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMISI NASIONAL HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN KOMISI PERLINDUNGAN ANAK INDONESIA” ini bertujuan: Untuk mengetahui penerapan kebiri kimia dalam perspektif Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (Komnas HAM), untuk mengetahui penerapan kebiri kimia dalam perspektif Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI), untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab sulitnya melaksanakan eksekusi hukuman kebiri kimia dalam kasus kejahatan seksual terhadap anak menurut perspektif Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (Komnas HAM) dan Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Data dan analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif tanpa menggunakan suatu perhitungan secara matematis. Sumber data diperoleh dari hasil pencarian data di lapangan melalui teknik wawancara dengan narasumber dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukna bahwa penerapan pidana tambahan kebiri kimia dalam perspektif Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (Komnas HAM) dan Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI) yakni, penerapan pidana tambahan berupa kebiri kimia merupakan hukuman yang melanggar Hak Asasi Manusia khususnya melanggar Hak atas Kesehatan dan Hak untuk Berketurunan, dengan adanya hukuman tambahan kebiri kimia pemerintah dianggap lebih serius dalam menangani pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak. Faktor penyebab sulitnya melaksanakan eksekusi hukuman kebiri kimia dalam kasus kejahatan seksual terhadap anak yakni, Jaksa Penuntut Umum selaku eksekusi hukuman kebiri kimia belum dapat melaksanakan hukuman kebiri kimia, karena terpidana kekerasan seksual terhadap anak belum menjalankan pidana pokok berupa pidana penjara. Saran Penulis adalah Jaksa Penuntut Umum selaku eksekutor hukuman kebiri kimia harus lebih tegas terhadap dokter pelaksana untuk melaksanakan hukuman kebiri kimia, Komnas HAM dan KPAI harus melakukan pengkajian ulang terhadap hukuman pidana tambahan kebiri kimia, Jaksa Penuntut Umum harus melakukan sosialisasi kepada dokter pelaksana untuk melaksanakan hukuman kebiri kimia agar kedepannya tidak ada hambatan dalam melakukan eksekusi hukuman kebiri kimi