Sanitary engineering and the small college

There is an unprecedented need for sanitary engineers. College students should be informed of the need and of this general field at an early stage in their education so that proper guidance can be given in the selection of electives to those interested. Colleges must re-appraise their sanitary engineering offering and expand their programs to meet the needs of society. One of the most difficult jobs facing an expanded sanitary engineering program is securing the students with proper background. Most of the freshmen entering college have some ideas as to what vocation they want to strive toward. This idea of their future might be the product of parental influence, an article in the newspaper or a thorough search on the part of the prospective student. Many of the rapidly expanding fields of engineering have considerable glamor attached to them from all the publicity of atomic energy, jet planes and electronics. Sanitary engineering has had little publicity in lay publications and few people have any idea as to what sanitary engineering means. Most people have visions of grandeur when they associate the terms electrical engineer, engineering physicist, aeronautical engineer or chemical engineer . They have read articles in their daily newspapers, seen pictures in the magazines and read promising recruiting posters put out by the major industries. Sanitary engineers are hired by these same industries, and indirectly by most of the people, but they are spread through the nation and not in large enough concentration to attract attention. Sanitary engineering educators have the task of informing potential students, as well as expanding their offerings, in.order to satisfy future needs. Much of this publicity should be directed at high school seniors. A good contact should be through high school science teachers. Science teachers have close association with students interested in engineering. This contact should be made through direct association with the science teachers if possible. They should be told of the need and opportunities in sanitary engineering and frequently supplied with literature. Each school should engage in a well planned publicity program. This is a portion of the school\u27s job because one must first secure students in order to educate them. This type of advertising program would arouse the student\u27s interest before college and give sanitary engineering departments a chance to compete with the other fields on a more equal basis --Introduction, pages 7-8

Sanitary engineering and the small college

There is an unprecedented need for sanitary engineers. College students should be informed of the need and of this general field at an early stage in their education so that proper guidance can be given in the selection of electives to those interested. Colleges must re-appraise their sanitary engineering offering and expand their programs to meet the needs of society. One of the most difficult jobs facing an expanded sanitary engineering program is securing the students with proper background. Most of the freshmen entering college have some ideas as to what vocation they want to strive toward. This idea of their future might be the product of parental influence, an article in the newspaper or a thorough search on the part of the prospective student. Many of the rapidly expanding fields of engineering have considerable glamor attached to them from all the publicity of atomic energy, jet planes and electronics. Sanitary engineering has had little publicity in lay publications and few people have any idea as to what sanitary engineering means. Most people have visions of grandeur when they associate the terms electrical engineer, engineering physicist, aeronautical engineer or chemical engineer . They have read articles in their daily newspapers, seen pictures in the magazines and read promising recruiting posters put out by the major industries. Sanitary engineers are hired by these same industries, and indirectly by most of the people, but they are spread through the nation and not in large enough concentration to attract attention. Sanitary engineering educators have the task of informing potential students, as well as expanding their offerings, in.order to satisfy future needs. Much of this publicity should be directed at high school seniors. A good contact should be through high school science teachers. Science teachers have close association with students interested in engineering. This contact should be made through direct association with the science teachers if possible. They should be told of the need and opportunities in sanitary engineering and frequently supplied with literature. Each school should engage in a well planned publicity program. This is a portion of the school\u27s job because one must first secure students in order to educate them. This type of advertising program would arouse the student\u27s interest before college and give sanitary engineering departments a chance to compete with the other fields on a more equal basis --Introduction, pages 7-8

Runoff and soil moisture

Hydrology is the science treating of water from the time it hits the earth until it leaves the earth. This never ending movement of water is called the hydrologic cycle and is best summarized graphically. The hydrologist is primarily concerned with rainfall, runoff and evaporation. One of the basic aims of the science is to compute the surface runoff from any rain on a given area. Surface runoff is here considered as that water which reaches the channels without penetrating the ground, plus subsurface storm flow. Subsurface storm flow is slower than surface runoff but faster than ground water flow. There is no clear division between surface runoff and subsurface flow and the two are considered as surface runoff in this study. A problem of prime importance to the river forecaster is that of estimating what portion of the rain falling during a storm will be absorbed by the soil and what portion will run off the land surface, thus contributing to flood flows. This problem is directly related to the moisture content of the soil and, consequently, observations of soil moisture should be of direct benefit in flood forecasting. Moreover, soil-moisture data are a valuable adjunct to the climatological records which for many years have been collected by the Weather Bureau.” Small area drainage basins are particularly important in highway engineering. A few years ago 51 percent of all funds spent for State-Federal water way structures were for spans of 20 feet or less. “The hydrologic data available for the design of small drainage structures is pitifully small when one considers the investment that is being made in such structures. In recent years the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division has directed considerable work toward the collection of basic data on small drainage areas. This information should prove invaluable to state where these studies are going on with the present trend in increased highway construction. Any additional information on the rainfall runoff relation of a small watershed would be of practical value because of the short periods of record of existing data and in many cases the complete absence of data. There are many variables in the rainfall runoff relationship for any drainage basin; total precipitation, rate of precipitation, soil moisture, surface slope, type of vegetation, type of soil, distribution of precipitation, temperature, humidity, season of the year, etc. The many variables become more complex as the size of the drainage area is increased. If the drainage area is decreased, the variables become less complex but an additional error is introduced in expanding the relationships to an area of larger size for practical application. This thesis is directed toward the collection of basic data on soil moisture in relation to runoff. A natural drainage basin of 0.227 square miles (measured by transit stadia survey) was selected for this study --Introduction, pages 2-4

PLANNING SOLAR HEATING FOR POULTRY - A LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH

Livestock Production/Industries,

The Final Judgment Rule and Appellate Review of Discovery Orders in Nebraska

In Lund v. Holbrook the Nebraska Supreme Court held that no appeal could be taken until after final judgment from an order requiring a party to turn over documents to his opponent for inspection and copying. The basis for the decision was a statute limiting the appellate jurisdiction of the supreme court to the review of a “judgment rendered or final order.” “Final order” is defined by statute as one which “ . . . in effect determines the action and prevents a judgment.” The same rule would undoubtedly by applied to any other discovery order in Nebraska. This “final judgment” rule exists in some form in almost every state. The application of the rule in Lund v. Holbrook is in line with the rulings of the majority of states as to discovery orders. The purpose of the rule is to reduce the volume of appeals which would, in the absence of the rule, clog the calendars of appellate courts and cause interminable delay in litigation. Many states have modified the final judgment rule by statute to allow immediate appeal from specified orders which are not reviewable under the majority rule until after final judgment. The reason for these modifications may be either that the final judgment rule does not fulfill its purposes, or that the assumption underlying the rule (i.e., that the effect of any error on the part of the trial court can be remedied by a new trial) has proved to be untrue. The decision in Lund v. Holbrook illustrates another type of order, the discovery order, which may be worthy of consideration as justifying a departure from the final judgment rule. We propose to examine: (a) the effect of the final judgment rule in cases involving discovery orders, to determine whether departure from the final judgment rule is justified, (b) the means presently existing in Nebraska for avoiding the effect of the final judgment rule as to discovery orders, and (c) the desirability of, and possibilities for statutory modification of the final judgment rule as to discovery orders in Nebraska

The Final Judgment Rule and Appellate Review of Discovery Orders in Nebraska

In Lund v. Holbrook the Nebraska Supreme Court held that no appeal could be taken until after final judgment from an order requiring a party to turn over documents to his opponent for inspection and copying. The basis for the decision was a statute limiting the appellate jurisdiction of the supreme court to the review of a “judgment rendered or final order.” “Final order” is defined by statute as one which “ . . . in effect determines the action and prevents a judgment.” The same rule would undoubtedly by applied to any other discovery order in Nebraska. This “final judgment” rule exists in some form in almost every state. The application of the rule in Lund v. Holbrook is in line with the rulings of the majority of states as to discovery orders. The purpose of the rule is to reduce the volume of appeals which would, in the absence of the rule, clog the calendars of appellate courts and cause interminable delay in litigation. Many states have modified the final judgment rule by statute to allow immediate appeal from specified orders which are not reviewable under the majority rule until after final judgment. The reason for these modifications may be either that the final judgment rule does not fulfill its purposes, or that the assumption underlying the rule (i.e., that the effect of any error on the part of the trial court can be remedied by a new trial) has proved to be untrue. The decision in Lund v. Holbrook illustrates another type of order, the discovery order, which may be worthy of consideration as justifying a departure from the final judgment rule. We propose to examine: (a) the effect of the final judgment rule in cases involving discovery orders, to determine whether departure from the final judgment rule is justified, (b) the means presently existing in Nebraska for avoiding the effect of the final judgment rule as to discovery orders, and (c) the desirability of, and possibilities for statutory modification of the final judgment rule as to discovery orders in Nebraska

A Conversation with Lewis P. Simpson

The co-editors of this journal interview Professor Simpson on a wide range of issues pertaining toWarren, his place in the American canon, and the present state of literature in the academy and the culture at large

Repricing Limited Liability and Separate Entity Status

In this Article we discuss how U.S. entity law has evolved in recent decades so that (i) limited liability has become available to the owners of any form of business organization, and (ii) all forms of business organizations are now seen as having the status of entities separate from their owners. Those changes have occurred without significant consideration of their consequences or what they mean for the public policies underlying entity law. At the same time, there is an increasing awareness by businesses that promotion of social benefits and/or reduction of externalities is in the firm’s best interests. There has recently been development of hybrid business models, but they have been driven by pragmatic concerns rather than an understanding of the theoretical underpinnings for, and restrictions on, those models. This Article strives to point the way toward a new understanding of how the state should frame the requirements for limited liability and separate entity status

Ampoule sealing apparatus and process

An apparatus 10 for effecting sealing of a fused quartz ampoule 24 while maintaining a vacuum on the ampoule via system 12 is disclosed. A plug 28 of fused quartz is lowered into the vertically disposed ampoule 24 (while maintaining the vacuum thereon) and heat sealed therein to prevent any vapor escape from, or contamination of, the contained semiconductor growth charge 29 during subsequent semiconductor crystal growth processes. A rotary vacuum feed-through mechanism 16 selectively rotates axle 34 and spool 32 to unwind wire 30 for lowering of plug 28 into the reduced diameter portion 24b of ampoule 24. Ampoule 24 is hermatically connected to vacuum housing 18 by quick release flange 20 wherein O-ring 22 retains ampoule 24