DataCite: The International Data Citation Initiative - Datasets programme

DataCite is an international consortium which aims to increase acceptance of research data as legitimate, citable contributions to scholarly communication. To enable this DataCite assigns persistent identifiers for research datasets and manages the infrastructures that support simple and effective methods of data citation, discovery and access. DataCite leverages the DOI infrastructure, which is already well-established. DOI names are the mostly widely used identifier for scientific journal articles, so researchers, authors, and publishers are familiar with their use. DataCite takes an open approach, however, and considers identifier systems and services that help forward its objectives. DataCite is represented in the UK by the British Library. This summary of the British Library's involvement in DataCite was presented to the UK data Forum on Monday the 15th November 2010. Data publishers that wish to know more about DataCite or to use DataCite services are encouraged to contact the Library or their local DataCite members

DataCite: The International Data Citation Initiative Datasets Programme

DataCite is an international consortium which aims to increase acceptance of research data as legitimate, citable contributions to scholarly communication. To enable this DataCite assigns persistent identifiers for research datasets and manages the infrastructu res that support simple and effective methods of data citation, discovery and access. DataCite leverages the DOI infrastructure, which is already well-established. DOI names are the mostly widely used identifier for scientific journal articles, so researchers, authors, and publishers are familiar with their use. DataCite takes an open approach, however, and considers identifier systems and services that help forward its objectives. DataCite is represented in the UK by the British Library. This summary of the British Library’s involvement in DataCite was presented to the UK data Forum on Monday the 15th November 2010. Data publishers that wish to know more about DataCite or to use DataCite services are encouraged to contact the Library or their local DataCite members. Further information and useful websites: www.datacite.org.uk / www.datacite.org / www.doi.orgOpen Access, Research Data, Scientific Use, Public Use

Cancer Informatics in the U.K.: The NCRI Informatics Initiative

The arrival of high-throughput technologies in cancer science and medicine has made the possibility for knowledge generation greater than ever before. However, this has brought with it real challenges as researchers struggle to analyse the avalanche of information available to them. A unique U.K.-based initiative has been established to promote data sharing in cancer science and medicine and to address the technical and cultural issues needed to support this

The Fast Fourier Transform Telescope

We propose an all-digital telescope for 21 cm tomography, which combines key advantages of both single dishes and interferometers. The electric field is digitized by antennas on a rectangular grid, after which a series of Fast Fourier Transforms recovers simultaneous multifrequency images of up to half the sky. Thanks to Moore's law, the bandwidth up to which this is feasible has now reached about 1 GHz, and will likely continue doubling every couple of years. The main advantages over a single dish telescope are cost and orders of magnitude larger field-of-view, translating into dramatically better sensitivity for large-area surveys. The key advantages over traditional interferometers are cost (the correlator computational cost for an N-element array scales as N log N rather than N^2) and a compact synthesized beam. We argue that 21 cm tomography could be an ideal first application of a very large Fast Fourier Transform Telescope, which would provide both massive sensitivity improvements per dollar and mitigate the off-beam point source foreground problem with its clean beam. Another potentially interesting application is cosmic microwave background polarization.Comment: Replaced to match accepted PRD version. 21 pages, 9 fig

Identifying Recent HIV Infections: From Serological Assays to Genomics

In this paper, we review serological and molecular based methods to identify HIV infection recency. The accurate identification of recent HIV infection continues to be an important research area and has implications for HIV prevention and treatment interventions. Longitudinal cohorts that follow HIV negative individuals over time are the current gold standard approach, but they are logistically challenging, time consuming and an expensive enterprise. Methods that utilize cross-sectional testing and biomarker information have become an affordable alternative to the longitudinal approach. These methods use well-characterized biological makers to differentiate between recent and established HIV infections. However, recent results have identified a number of limitations in serological based assays that are sensitive to the variability in immune responses modulated by HIV subtypes, viral load and antiretroviral therapy. Molecular methods that explore the dynamics between the timing of infection and viral evolution are now emerging as a promising approach. The combination of serological and molecular methods may provide a good solution to identify recent HIV infection in cross-sectional data. As part of this review, we present the advantages and limitations of serological and molecular based methods and their potential complementary role for the identification of HIV infection recency

Electoral management and the organisational determinants of electoral integrity

Achieving the ideals of electoral democracy depends on well-run elections. Persistent problems of electoral integrity in transitional and established democracies have prompted a burgeoning literature seeking to explain the determinants of electoral integrity around the world. However, the study of the organisations responsible for managing the electoral process has been limited to isolated national case studies. This article opens up an interdisciplinary and international research agenda on the global study of the organisational determinants of electoral integrity. It defines the concept of electoral management and provides a framework to understand how electoral management body (EMB) institutional design, EMB performance and electoral integrity are related. Findings from new data derived from cross-national surveys of EMBs are described, providing new insights into how elections are managed worldwide

Search strategies for: "Climate action for health and wellbeing in cities: a protocol for the systematic development of a database of peer-reviewed studies using machine learning methods"

The search strategies were constructed for the development of a database of peer-reviewed studies on climate change mitigation and adaptation actions implemented in cities for human health and wellbeing. The development of the database followed a systematic process assisted by the use of machine learning methods for article classification to allow capturing a broad landscape of relevant literature across many disciplines and sectors. The search strategies are tailored to this purpose, and therefore, cover both explicit and implicit terms of relevance to climate change mitigation and adaptation. There are two separate sets of search terms, one capturing climate change mitigation actions and one climate change adaptation actions. Each set is comprised of three blocks of search terms. For mitigation the blocks of terms are: (climate terms OR energy terms) AND (explicit mitigation and mitigation policy terms OR sector-specific mitigation terms) AND (health terms OR wellbeing terms). For adaptation the terms are: (climate terms) AND (explicit adaptation terms including resilience OR action-specific adaptation terms) AND (health terms OR wellbeing terms). Here we present the search strategies for Medline (accessed via Web of Science). These was also translated for the Web of Science Core Collections (consisting of SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, and ESCI) and Scopus. The bibliographic databases were searched in January/February 2021. Further details on the development of the search strategy are available in the study protocol (see the associated papers)

Respiratory plasticity in response to changes in oxygen supply and demand

Aerobic organisms maintain O2 homeostasis by responding to changes in O2 supply and demand in both short and long time domains. In this review, we introduce several specific examples of respiratory plasticity induced by chronic changes in O2 supply (environmental hypoxia or hyperoxia) and demand (exercise-induced and temperature-induced changes in aerobic metabolism). These studies reveal that plasticity occurs throughout the respiratory system, including modifications to the gas exchanger, respiratory pigments, respiratory muscles, and the neural control systems responsible for ventilating the gas exchanger. While some of these responses appear appropriate (e.g., increases in lung surface area, blood O2 capacity, and pulmonary ventilation in hypoxia), other responses are potentially harmful (e.g., increased muscle fatigability). Thus, it may be difficult to predict whole-animal performance based on the plasticity of a single system. Moreover, plastic responses may differ quantitatively and qualitatively at different developmental stages. Much of the current research in this field is focused on identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying respiratory plasticity. These studies suggest that a few key molecules, such as hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and erythropoietin, may be involved in the expression of diverse forms of plasticity within and across species. Studying the various ways in which animals respond to respiratory challenges will enable a better understanding of the integrative response to chronic changes in O2 supply and deman