Comparative efficacy of two Ivermectin Pour-on anthelmintics in beef steers in a commercial feedyard

Generic products generally have a cost advantage for beef producers over brand-name products. Recently, many beef producers have debated whether to utilize generic anthelmintics in cow/calf herds and feeder cattle. If generics are to be justified, the products must be proven to have efficacy similar to the brand-name product. Previous studies have indicated that generic macrocyclic lactones are less effective in controlling gastrointestinal parasites of cattle than the original brand-name products. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Vetrimec (Norbrook Laboratories Limited, Newry, Co. Down, Northern Ireland) pour-on and Ivomec (Merial Animal Health, Duluth, GA) pour-on by utilizing the fecal egg reduction test in newly arrived feedlot steers

Nutrient restriction does not affect implant efficacy

Beef Cattle Research, 2011 is known as Cattlemen’s Day, 2011Anabolic implants in finishing beef cattle offer significant return on investment. Anabolic implants improve average daily gain feed efficiency in pasture and feedlot cattle. One way growth-promoting implants stimulate growth is through increasing production of insulin-like growth factor 1. This hormone causes muscle cells to increase their uptake of glucose and amino acids from the bloodstream. Plasma urea nitrogen is a simple measure of the protein nutritional status of animals. If lean growth is stimulated, more feed protein is utilized and retained as body protein, reducing the amount of circulating plasma urea nitrogen. If an animal is stressed and is not growing, more of the feed protein is broken down, processed, and excreted as urea nitrogen

Comparative efficacy of two Ivermectin Pour-on anthelmintics in beef steers in a commercial feedyard

Generic products generally have a cost advantage for beef producers over brand-name products. Recently, many beef producers have debated whether to utilize generic anthelmintics in cow/calf herds and feeder cattle. If generics are to be justified, the products must be proven to have efficacy similar to the brand-name product. Previous studies have indicated that generic macrocyclic lactones are less effective in controlling gastrointestinal parasites of cattle than the original brand-name products. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Vetrimec (Norbrook Laboratories Limited, Newry, Co. Down, Northern Ireland) pour-on and Ivomec (Merial Animal Health, Duluth, GA) pour-on by utilizing the fecal egg reduction test in newly arrived feedlot steers

Time of onset, location, and duration of lameness in beef cattle in a commercial feedyard

Bovine lameness presents itself in a variety of forms. A number of predisposing factors have been reported, such as increased amounts of wet feces and mud from high rainfall; limb trauma from rocks, sticks, or handling facilities; inappropriate animal handling; or improper facility design. Trauma causes lameness directly and often provides an avenue for bacterial agents to enter and colonize a wound. Performance of lame cattle is diminished due to impaired ambulation, resulting in decreased feed intake and decreased body weight. The objective of this study was to determine the timing of the onset of lameness in feeder cattle and to determine the association between lameness and feedlot performance

Tracing of microbiological contamination and protein residues in dairy industries

O leite, por sua riqueza em nutrientes, representa uma importante fonte alimentar para o homem e um excelente meio de cultura para o desenvolvimento de um grande número de micro-organismos. Portanto, detectar rapidamente e solucionar o problema das contaminações no leite é um desafio para a indústria de alimentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os principais pontos de contaminação dentro da indústria de leite pasteurizado bem como os pontos que apresentam resíduos de alimento após a limpeza. Foram colhidas amostras de leite e swabs de superfície dos equipamentos envolvidos no processo de pasteurização de 8 laticínios em 9 rastreamentos no estado do Paraná para determinar a contagem de micro-organismos aeróbios mesófilos (AM), coliformes totais (CT) e Escherichia coli (EC). Para contagem de AM realizou-se a semeadura em Ágar Padrão de Contagem (PCA). Para enumeração de CT e E. coli foi utilizado o sistema 3M? Petrifilm? e para detectar resíduos de proteínas no equipamento utilizou-se o teste Clean-Trace? Surface Protein Plus 3M?. Os principais pontos de contaminação do leite pasteurizado por AM, CT e EC foram o tanque de equilíbrio antes da empacotadeira, o tanque pulmão da empacotadeira e as partes internas da empacotadeira. Os pontos que apresentaram resultado positivo para presença de resíduos de proteína foram a tubulação de entrada do tanque de equilíbrio antes da empacotadeira, o tanque de equilíbrio antes da empacotadeira e a tubulação de entrada de leite no tanque pulmão da empacotadeira. Os laticínios utilizam concentrações e temperaturas inadequadas para circulação das substâncias utilizadas na limpeza e sanitização dos equipamentos, o que resulta em higienização ineficiente ou ainda comprometimento do equipamento ao provocar corrosão das superfícies e desgaste precoce das borrachas de vedação. O teste para detecção de resíduos de proteínas pode representar uma importante ferramenta para avaliar a eficiência da limpeza de equipamentos, uma vez que oferece resultados imediatos, permitindo correções que podem evitar perdas e problemas aos laticínios. Em muitos casos não se conseguiu detectar contaminações em superfícies da empacotadeira, por terem origem em pontos internos, inacessíveis à coleta de amostras. No entanto, ficou evidente a relação desses pontos com a contaminação do leite pasteurizado embalado, já que este apresentou contagens de AM, CT e EC superiores às do leite antes de passar pela empacotadeira.Milk, for its nutritional richness, represents an important food source for humans and an excellent culture medium for the development of a great number of microorganisms. Therefore, quick detecting and solving contamination problems in milk is a challenge for the food industry. This study aimed at determining the main contamination spots in pasteurized milk industry as well as food residues in surfaces after cleaning. Milk samples and surface swabs were collected in 8 dairy industries of Paraná state in 9 tracings for mesophilic aerobes (MA), total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (EC) enumeration. Samples were sowed in Plate Count Agar (PCA) for MA while 3M? Petrifilm? was used for TC and E. coli enumeration. Detection of protein residues was possible using the 3M? Clean-Trace? Surface Protein Plus test. The main contamination spots of pasteurized milk by MA, TC and E. coli were the balance tank before the milk packing machine, the balance tank on top of the packing machine and internal parts of the packing machine itself. Positive results for protein residues presence were found on the milk inlet pipe of the balance tank before the packing machine, the balance tank itself and the milk inlet pipe of the balance tank on top of the packing machine. The dairy industries use inadequate temperatures and concentrations of circulating substances for cleaning and sanitizing the equipment, which results in inefficient sanitation or it can compromise the equipment by causing corrosion of the surfaces and early wear of rubber gaskets. The test for detecting protein residues can represent an important tool for the evaluation of equipment cleaning efficiency, with immediate results, which allows interventions that can prevent losses and problems to the industries. In many cases, contamination detection in surfaces of the packing machine was not possible for they were in inner parts of this equipment, inaccessible to sample collecting. However, the relation of this spots with pasteurized milk contamination became clear since packed milk showed superior MA, TC and E. coli contamination compared to milk collected right before passing through the packing machine

Agreement between observational and necropsy-derived diagnosis for cause of death for cattle in a commercial beef feedlot

Necropsy information is an integral component for monitoring feedlot disease and designing preventive and therapeutic strategies; however, field necropsy is a laborious and time-consuming procedure and may be an occupational hazard because personnel can become injured or be exposed to zoonotic disease while conducting necropsies. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of a pre-necropsy mortality diagnoses made by feedlot personnel compared with diagnoses made from necropsy results

Genetic variation in humoral response to an <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 vaccine in beef cattle

<div><p>Individuals often respond differently to the same vaccine; some of this variation may be caused by genetic differences among animals. Our objective was to estimate heritability and identify genomic regions associated with humoral response to an <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 vaccine in beef cattle. Crossbred beef cattle (n = 651) were vaccinated with a commercially available <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 vaccine. Serum was collected at time of initial vaccination (d 0), booster (d 21), and d 56 after initial vaccination. Total antibodies specific to siderophore receptor and porin proteins in the vaccine were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood and genotyped with the bovine GeneSeek Genomic Profiler-High Density 78K or 26K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism BeadChip and imputed to 777,000 SNP genotypes. Heritability was estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) using both 1) pedigree and 2) genomic relationships among individuals. Fixed effects were contemporary group, calf age, sex, principal components from SNP genotype data, and pedigree-derived heterozygosity effects. Additive and dominance effects of SNPs were estimated individually while accounting for contemporary group, sex, and the top 20 principal components calculated from the genomic relationship matrix. Heritability of initial response to vaccination (d 21 –d 0) was 0.10 ± 0.175 using pedigree relationships and 0.14 ± 0.149 using genomic relationships, but neither estimate was statistically different from zero. Heritability of booster (d 56 –d 21) and overall (d 56 –d 0) responses were low and not statistically significant from zero. There were no clusters of linked SNP associated with vaccine response, but eight regionally isolated SNPs were significantly associated with initial or overall response to vaccination. Regional genetic variation for initial response to an <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 vaccine was observed, although overall heritability of this response was not statistically significant from zero.</p></div

Humoral response to vaccination with <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 Siderophore and Porin Receptor (SRP) proteins as measured by an ELISA specific for <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 SRPs (<i>n</i> = 651).

<p>Humoral response to vaccination with <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 Siderophore and Porin Receptor (SRP) proteins as measured by an ELISA specific for <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 SRPs (<i>n</i> = 651).</p

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with initial response^a to <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 Siderophore and Porin Receptor (SRP) protein vaccination (<i>n</i> = 651 calves; Genome-Wide <i>P</i> < 1 x 10⁻⁸).

<p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with initial response<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0197347#t004fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> to <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 Siderophore and Porin Receptor (SRP) protein vaccination (<i>n</i> = 651 calves; Genome-Wide <i>P</i> < 1 x 10⁻⁸).</p

Heritability estimates for humoral response to <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 Siderophore and Receptor Porin (SRP) protein vaccination in calves (<i>n</i> = 651).

<p>Heritability estimates for humoral response to <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O157:H7 Siderophore and Receptor Porin (SRP) protein vaccination in calves (<i>n</i> = 651).</p