Entanglement gives rise to Pareto optimality in the generalised quantum Hawk-Dove Game

We quantise the generalised Hawk-Dove Game. By restricting the strategy space available to the players, we show that every game of this type can be extended into the quantum realm to produce a Pareto optimal evolutionarily stable strategy. This equilibrium replaces the inefficient classical one when the entanglement prepared in the game exceeds a critical threshold value, which we derive analytically.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, submitted for review, comments welcom

Multiple okulare Kolobome (MOC) mit persistierender Pupillarmembran beim Schneeleopard (Panthera unica)

In a litter of three snow leopards, bilateral colobomata of the upper temporal eyelids, bilateral persistent pupillary membranes and a unilateral coloboma of the optic nerve entrance are described as "Multiple Ocular Colobomata" (MOC). The causal pathogenesis of each of the colobomata is discussed comparatively. The colobomata of the eyelids, essential feature of the MOC syndrome in snow leopards, are most probably not of hereditary, but rather of intrauterine infectious viral origin

Using mutual information to measure order in model glass-formers

Whether or not there is growing static order accompanying the dynamical heterogeneity and increasing relaxation times seen in glassy systems is a matter of dispute. An obstacle to resolving this issue is that the order is expected to be amorphous and so not amenable to simple order parameters. We use mutual information to provide a general measurement of order that is sensitive to multi-particle correlations. We apply this to two glass-forming systems (2D binary mixtures of hard disks with different size ratios to give varying amounts of hexatic order) and show that there is little growth of amorphous order in the system without crystalline order. In both cases we measure the dynamical length with a four-point correlation function and find that it increases significantly faster than the static lengths in the system as density is increased. We further show that we can recover the known scaling of the dynamic correlation length in a kinetically constrained model, the 2-TLG.Comment: 10 pages, 12 Figure

Dormancy in Green Needlegrass Seed :Its Nature, Mode of Action, and Methods of Reproduction

Green needlegrass (Stipa viridula Trin.) in the past few years has received wide acceptance for use in range renovation throughout the Northern Great Plains. Maximum germination of newly harvested green needlegrass seed cannot be obtained due to a high incidence of seed dormancy. This study was undertaken to determine the nature of dormancy present in green needlegrass seeds, to study the mode of expression of factors that causes dormancy in the seeds, and to seek a method which will reduce the dormancy in order to obtain maximum germination readings in the laboratory and in field plantings. Seed dormancy was found to be the main cause of low germination of green needlegrass, both in the laboratory and in the field. Dormancy was present in the seeds of green needlegrass each year this study was conducted. Maturity studies conducted indicate dormancy is present in green needlegrass seeds in the immature stage of maturity as well as in the fully mature stage. Two types of dormancy were found to be present in green needlegrass: an external restriction and a chemical block within the seed. The special treatment for germination of green needlegrass seed prescribed by the Subcommittee on range Grasses of the Association of Official Seed Analysts did not entirely break this dormancy. Limited germination increases were obtained by removing the glumes, puncturing seed coats, and clipping the tip of the caryopsis, and also by mechanical and acid scarification

Quantum private queries

We propose a cheat sensitive quantum protocol to perform a private search on a classical database which is efficient in terms of communication complexity. It allows a user to retrieve an item from the server in possession of the database without revealing which item she retrieved: if the server tries to obtain information on the query, the person querying the database can find it out. Furthermore our protocol ensures perfect data privacy of the database, i.e. the information that the user can retrieve in a single queries is bounded and does not depend on the size of the database. With respect to the known (quantum and classical) strategies for private information retrieval, our protocol displays an exponential reduction both in communication complexity and in running-time computational complexity.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur