Ekstrak Air Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzch) sebagai Penghambat Perkembangan Telur Cacing Gastrointestinal Ruminansia Secara in Vitro

Gastrointestinal worm disease in cattle is scathing for the breeder’s as it lowers cattle’s productivity and inflict major economic loss. Furthermore, the interraction between cattle, man and the environment might bring out the risk of zoonotic diseases (diseases which can spread between man and animals). Kebar grass contains phytochemical elements such as alkaloid, saponin, tanin, glycoside and flavonoid. Those elements have the potential as an alternate anthelmentic in the effort to utilize the endemic biodiversities of Papua. This research is performed at Faculty of Animal Husbandry Animal Health Laboratory and Faculty of Math and Natural Science Microbiology Laboratory of Universitas Papua, for 8 months. The leaves and the stems of the kebar grass were collected and stored at room temperature. The Kebar grass extract was divided into 3 parts, i.e. fresh extract, wind dried extract and sun dried extract. Fresh fecal samples were collected and examined with the native method. The samples where nematodes eggs are found is treated with kebar grass extract. As a comparison, positive control is made with oxfendazole and negative control is made nematodes larvae fertilization. Fecal cultures and grass extract mixture is left alone for 7 days in room temperature and examined under microscope with 400x fortification to see whetner there is any development of the nematodes’ eggs. The obstained data is analyzed by tabulation and descriptive method. The result is the samples mixed with kebar grass extract show no development of nematodes’ egg. As a comparison, the negative control which is observed with baerman method shows development of nematodes’ eggs. It can be concluded that the effect of kebar grass extract can deters nematodes’ egg development

Identifikasi Cacing Gastrointestinal pada Babi di Kabupaten Jayawijaya dan Paniai, Provinsi Papua

The rearing of pigs in the mountains of Papua is generally based on the free-range method during the daylight. Poor environmental sanitation and free-range management have been reported as risk factors of gastrointestinal worm infestation in pigs. In general, gastrointestinal parasite infestation can cause a loss of appetite, impede growth, decrease feed conversion rate, and increase vulnerabilities toward other pathogens. To add to that, the acute levels of infestation can cause death. Furthermore, some species can infest humans (zoonotic). As zoonotic parasites can impact the productivity and health of the people, it is crucial to identify the species of such parasites. This research was conducted in Umpakalo village at Kurulu district, Jayawijaya region, and three other villages namely Obaipugaida, Eyagitaida, and Ugituwataida at Ekadide district, Paniai region. Forty-five fecal samples from different pigs were used as the research material. The native method was used to identify the physical appearance of the eggs, and in turn, identify the species of the parasite. The data was analyzed in the tabulation form. The conclusion obtained in this research is that 95% of the fecal samples were infected by the gastrointestinal worms. Identified worms are Ascaris suum, Strongyloides ransomii, Trichuris suis, and Strongyle types. Most pigs have mixed infections

Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan dan Jenis Kelamin Peternak terhadap Tingkat Produksi Babi (Studi Kasus di Manokwari, Papua Barat Indonesia)

The aim of this research was to understand the effect of educational level of gender types on pig farming production, a special case in Manokwari West Papua-Indonesia. The field study was done in Manokwari regency involved six districts. The respondents of 49 farmers chosen guided by local extensions selected from 15 villages. The participatory situation analysis employed to approach pig farmers by using questionnaire. A General Linear Model analysis of variances was used. All data were entered in Excel and analyzed using SPPS version 10.0. The conclusion that interaction between education and gender occur on household member and income earn. The female with adequate education will provide better income than the male. Understanding interaction effect of education level and gender will enable farmers to improve their pig productivities on scales and time

Proses Penyembelihan dan Waktu Mati Sempurna Sapi Bali sebagai Hewan Kurban di Kabupaten Manokwari

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek kesejahteraan hewan berdasarkan tata cara pemisahan dan handling sapi ketika akan disembelih, berapa lama waktu maksimal sapi Bali yang disembelih mati sempurna dan indikator kematian apa yang paling lama hilang setelah sapi disembelih. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 57 ekor sapi Bali yang disembelih di 5 masjid di Kabupaten Manokwari yang menyelenggarakan penyembelihan hewan kurban. Pengamatan tata cara pemisahan dan handling sapi dilakukan dengan observasi. Waktu henti darah memancar dihitung sejak awal darah memancar sampai tidak lagi memancar. Indikator kematian lain (refleks pupil, refleks kornea, pernafasan ritmik, tonus rahang, tonus lidah, refleks ekor, refleks anus, dan refleks tracak) dihitung setelah waktu henti darah memancar diperoleh. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data henti darah memancar dihitung rerata dan simpangan bakunya, sedangkan indikator lain disajikan dengan range tiap menit dalam tabel. Pemisahan antara lokasi penempatan dengan penyembelihan dan penggunaan kandang jepit modifikasi untuk handling telah dilakukan disebagian besar lokasi pengamatan. Waktu henti darah memancar pada penelitian ini adalah 2,93 menit. Refleks kornea dan tonus lidah merupakan indikator tercepat yang hilang, yaitu 4-5 menit setelah darah berhenti memancar, kemudian berturut-turut diikuti dengan pernafasan ritmik dan tonus rahang, yaitu masing-masing 5-6 menit serta refleks ekor dan refleks tracak, yaitu 6-7 menit. Refleks anus merupakan indikator terlama yang hilang, yaitu 7-8 menit setelah darah berhenti memancar. Kesimpulan: sebagain besar masjid telah memperhatikan kesejahteraan hewan berdasarkan lokasi dan tata cara penyembelihan. Sapi Bali sebagai hewan kurban di Kabupaten Manokwari mengalami mati sempurna pada menit ke 13,93 dan indikator kematian terakhir yang hilang adalah refleks anus

Test the Activity of the Juice and Infusion of Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) againts Ascaridia galli worms in Vitro

Kebar grass contains active compounds that can be used as herbal ingredients in the treatment of diseases. This study was conducted to test the anthelmintic activity of grass kebar against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. This study uses Kebar grass juice and infusion with a concentration of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%, and 4 repetitions. Each level of the experiment is placed in each cup containing 25 ml of solution and 5 worms. Worm mortality is recorded every 2 hours. The results showed that the juice and infusion of kebar grass were concentrations of 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% capable of killing worms with a mean time on the juice of Kebar grass respectively 9.5; 8; 7.5; 7 hours, and the average time for Kebar grass infusion is 9.5; 8.5; 8; 7.5 hours. The immersion time is a good variable to explain the variable of worm death at each concentration of treatment. There is an anthelmintic effect on grass juice and infuse kebar grass against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. The duration of soaking and the concentration of juice and infusion of Kebar grass in this study had a significant effect on the mortality of worms. It was concluded that the juice and grass infuse kebar(Biophytum Petersianum Klotzsch) have anthelmintic effect against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. Concentration Kebar grass juice and infuse kebar is increasing, then the shorter the time it takes to kill the worms Ascaridia galli in vitro

Penambahan Yolk Puyuh, Sari Pepaya (Carica papaya L.), Ringer’s serta Lama Penyimpanan pada Suhu 50C terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Ayam KUB

Abstract  KUB chickens have a low volume of semen per ejaculate, but the concentration is high. IB volume and concentration requirements must be met. Papaya (Carica papaya L.), is rich in carbohydrates, protein, fat, fiber, antioxidants and vitamins. Quail yolk contains lipoprotein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamin A. The addition of papaya juice in ringer's lactate diluent + quail yolk as a diluent for KUB chicken semen is thought to improve the quality of KUB chicken spermatozoa during storage. Experimental research, using a Completely Randomized Factorial Design with two factors; the first factor is diluent with two levels, namely level I (ringer's lactate + quail yolk) and II (ringer's lactate + quail yolk + papaya juice); while the second factor is the length of time of storage in the refrigerator at 50C consisting of five levels namely 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. The research variables included volume, consistency, pH, color and odor, concentration of spermatozoa, motility of spermatozoa (%), viability of spermatozoa and abnormality of spermatozoa. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between adding papaya juice to ringer's diluent + quail yolk and storage time at 50C on the quality of semen (spermatozoa) of KUB chickens. The addition of papaya juice to ringer's diluent + quail yolk had a good effect on maintaining motility, viability and abnormal spermatozoa of KUB chickens. The length of storage time has a significant effect on the quality of semen (spermatozoa) of KUB chickens. Keywords: Carica papaya; KUB chicken; Spermatozoa   Abstrak  Ayam KUB memiliki volume semen per ejakulat rendah, namun konsentrasinya tinggi. Syarat volume dan konsentrasi IB harus terpenuhi. Pepaya (Carica papaya L.), kaya kandungan karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serat, antioksidan, vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, asam folat, vitamin C, E dan K. Yolk puyuh mengandung lipoprotein, lemak, karbohidrat, mineral serta vitamin A. Penambahan sari buah pepaya dalam pengencer ringer’s laktat + yolk puyuh sebagai pengencer semen ayam KUB diduga dapat meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa ayam KUB selama penyimpanan. Penelitian secara eksperimen, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL-Faktorial) dengan 2 (dua) faktor; faktor pertama adalah bahan pengencer dengan 2 (dua) level yaitu level I (ringer’s laktat + yolk puyuh) dan II (ringer’s laktat + yolk puyuh + sari buah pepaya); sedangkan faktor kedua adalah lama waktu penyimpanan didalam refrigerator pada suhu 50C yang terdiri atas 5 (lima) level yaitu 0, 2, 4, 6 dan 8 jam. Variabel penelitian meliputi volume, konsistensi, pH, warna dan bau, konsentrasi spermatozoa, motilitas spermatozoa (%), viabilitas spermatozoa dan abnormalitas spermatozoa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada interaksi yang signifikan antara penambahan sari buah pepaya pada pengencer ringer’s + yolk puyuh dan lama waktu penyimpanan pada suhu 50C terhadap kualitas semen (spermatozoa) ayam KUB. Penambahan sari buah pepaya pada pengencer ringer’s + yolk puyuh memberikan pengaruh yang baik dalam mempertahankan motilitas, viabilitas dan abnormalitas spermatozoa ayam KUB. Lama waktu penyimpanan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas semen (spermatozoa) ayam KUB. Kata kunci: Ayam KUB; Pepaya; Spermatozo

Penerapan Kesejahteraan Hewan pada Proses Pemotongan Sapi Bali di Rumah Potong Hewan Manokwari, Papua Barat: Implementation of Animal Welfare in Bali Beef Slaughter Process at the Animal Slaughter House, Manokwari, West Papua

Abstract  Animal slaughter house (RPH) are very important in maintaining food safety and play an important role in the supply chain for meat needs. There are several stages in the slaughtering process at the abattoir that are often ignored or do not pay attention to the rules of animal welfare and also animal welfare before slaughtering will have an impact on the quality of the meat produced. The purpose of this study was to assess the application of animal welfare at the Manokwari abattoir, especially in slaughtering bali cattle. This study used a purposive sampling method with a total sample of 50 bali cattle which were observed from animals unloaded from trucks to the shelter and 100 cows were observed during the slaughtering process. The results of the data obtained from the inspection of the stages starting from the cow being unloaded from the blank car to being slaughtered, then the results were recorded in a questionnaire sheet. The results showed that 63.63% of the process of dropping animals from trucks to herding had met the requirements for animal welfare. Meanwhile, the process of preparation for slaughter until the assessment of animal death (separation of the animal's head and legs) meets the animal welfare requirements of 38.87%. The results of this study concluded that most of the principles of animal welfare have not been maximally implemented by the Manokwari abattoir for several processes of slaughtering cattle. Key words: Animal Welfare; Bali Cattle; Manokwari; Slaughterhouse   Abstrak  Rumah Pemotongan Hewan (RPH) sangat penting dalam menjaga keamanan pangan sehingga memegang peranan penting dalam mata rantai pengadaan kebutuhan daging. Ada beberapa tahapan dalam proses penyembelihan di RPH seringkali diabaikan atau tidak memperhatikan kaidah-kaidah animal welfare dan juga kesejahteraan hewan sebelum pemotongan sehingga akan berdampak pada kualitas daging yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai penerapan animal welfare di RPH Manokwari khususnya pada pemotongan sapi bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 ekor sapi bali yang diamati mulai dari hewan diturunkan dari truk sampai ke kandang penampungan dan 100 ekor sapi yang diamati pada proses penyembelihan. Data hasil pengamatan diperoleh dari hasil inspeksi terhadap tahapan mulai dari sapi diturunkan dari mobil blankos hingga disembelih,  selanjutnya hasil yang diperoleh dicatat dalam lembaran kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebesar 63,63% proses penurunan hewan dari truk sampai penggiringan telah memenuhi persyaratan animal welfare. Sementara proses persiapan penyembelihan sampai penilaian kematian hewan (pemisahan kepala dan kaki hewan) ditemukan memenuhi persyaratan animal welfare sebesar 38,87%. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar prinsip-prinsip animal welfare belum maksimal di laksanakan oleh pihak RPH Manokwari terhadap beberapa proses penyembelihan sapi. Kata kunci : Kesejahteraan hewan; Manokwari; Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH); Sapi Bal

Evaluasi proses penyediaan dan kualitas fisik daging babi di Manokwari: Evaluation the process of provision and physical quality of porki in Manokwari

Abstract  This study aims to determine the process of supply and physical quality of pork in Manokwari. The research was conducted at places of slaughtering, pork selling places, and Animal Health Sub-Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, UNIPA. This research is an observational study with a qualitative exploratory survey method. Place of slaughtering and pork selling places are determined using accidental sampling technique, determination of pork samples by purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, and qualitatively, data tabulation using the Microsoft Excel program. The results showed that there were 6 places where pigs were slaughtered which were carried out in pig pens, not in RPB (pork abattoir), where selling pork was carried out incidentally on the side of the main road, the slaughtering stages caused stress before slaughtering so that 33% of the pork experienced Dark Firm Dry and 16% of the pork experienced Pale Soft Exudative after cutting. Conclusion: pig slaughtering is not carried out in RPB, pork selling places are not in special locations, the process of slaughtering pigs creates stress and the stages of slaughter are different from the SOP in abattoirs. The quality of the pork is good but there is a change in the colour of the meat to DFD and PSE, pork is suitable for consumption but there is no guarantee of food safety because there is no antemortem and postmortem inspection so it is not certified. Keywords: DFD; Manowari; Physical Quality; Pork;PSE   Abstrak  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses penyediaan dan kualitas fisik daging babi di Manokwari. Penelitian dilakukan di tempat pemotongan, tempat penjualan daging babi, dan Sub Laboratorium Kesehatan Hewan Fakultas Peternakan UNIPA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan metode survei eksploratif kualitatif. Tempat pemotongan dan penjualan daging babi ditentukan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling, penentuan sampel daging babi secara purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, kualitatif, tabulasi data menggunakan program microsoft excel. Hasil penelitian terdapat 6 tempat pemotongan babi yang dilakukan di kandang babi bukan di RPB, tempat penjualan daging babi dilakukan secara insidentil di pinggir jalan raya, tahapan pemotongan menyebabkan babi stres sebelum pemotongan sehingga 33% daging babi mengalami Dark Firm Dry dan 16% daging babi mengalami Pale Soft Exudatif pasca pemotongan. Kesimpulan: tempat pemotongan babi tidak dilakukan di RPB, tempat penjualan daging babi tidak di lokasi khusus, proses pemotongan babi menimbulkan stres dan tahapan pemotongan berbeda dengan SOP di RPH. Kualitas daging babi baik namun ada perubahan warna daging menjadi DFD dan PSE, daging babi layak dikonsumsi namun tidak ada jaminan keamanan pangan karena tidak ada pemeriksaan antemortem dan postmortem sehingga tidak tersertifikasi. Kata kunci: Daging babi; DFD; Kualitas fisik; Manokwari; PS

HERPETOFAUNA PADA HABITAT HUTAN BATU GAMPING DI MANOKWARI, PAPUA BARAT; SPESIES, KERAGAMAN, KEKAYAAN DAN POPULASI

The research was conducted in the Maruni limestone forest habitat. The observation plots were carried out at an altitude of 35 masl to> 212 masl. Observations were made 2 times every day (day and night). The method of calculating diversity is done using the Shannon-Wieners Index and the species population is calculated using the Alikodra formula. 11 species were found that belong to the Varanidae, Boidae, Gekkonidae, Ranidae, and Hylidae families. The diversity of wildlife in the Maruni limestone location follows the altitude of the habitat. Reptiles do not differ according to height. The most common types are in the class of lizards, monitor lizards, and frogs. The types of herpetofauna that can be found are carnivores and are not protected. This type of monitor lizard can be found in abundance in low areas to an altitude of> 200 meters above sea level. Meanwhile, monitor lizards can be found in wet forests and near water sources. Similar to lizards, frogs inhabit wet or watery areas. The diversity of wildlife species in limestone habitats in each class of Reptiles is 18%. The population of herpetofauna species found varied between 25-1200 individuals

Herpetofauna pada Habitat Hutan Batu Gamping di Manokwari, Papua Barat; Spesies, Keragaman, Kekayaan dan Populasi

The research was conducted in the Maruni limestone forest habitat. The observation plots were carried out at an altitude of 35 masl to> 212 masl. Observations were made 2 times every day (day and night). The method of calculating diversity is done using the Shannon-Wieners Index and the species population is calculated using the Alikodra formula. 11 species were found that belong to the Varanidae, Boidae, Gekkonidae, Ranidae, and Hylidae families. The diversity of wildlife in the Maruni limestone location follows the altitude of the habitat. Reptiles do not differ according to height. The most common types are in the class of lizards, monitor lizards, and frogs. The types of herpetofauna that can be found are carnivores and are not protected. This type of monitor lizard can be found in abundance in low areas to an altitude of> 200 meters above sea level. Meanwhile, monitor lizards can be found in wet forests and near water sources. Similar to lizards, frogs inhabit wet or watery areas. The diversity of wildlife species in limestone habitats in each class of Reptiles is 18%. The population of herpetofauna species found varied between 25-1200 individuals