Influence of rearing environment on development of perching and dustbathing behaviour in laying hens

Studies have shown that perching and dustbathing behaviour in birds can be affected by how and when the behaviour develops. With the increasing trend away from cages and towards keeping laying hens in larger, more complex housing systems, it is important to improve our knowledge about what chicks need to learn if they are going to be able to fully use perches and litter when these are provided to them as adults. In the first part of this thesis the early use of perches and how this was influenced by the bird´s behaviour during the first weeks of life was investigated at the individual level. Furthermore the relationship between a bird’s spatial ability as a chick and as an adult was investigated by testing birds in two different two-dimensional spatial tests and by observing their use of perches. The aim was to investigate the degree to which birds are hatched with spatial skills or acquire these by using perches. The second part of the thesis dealt with the importance of access to an appropriate, that is to say, functional substrate for the development of dustbathing behaviour. Here comparisons of dustbathing behaviour by birds with different experiences of peat, a preferred dustbathing substrate, were carried out. In addition it was investigated whether birds that had only ever known sham dustbathing would be as motivated to get access to peat for dustbathing as birds reared and used to performing functional dustbathing. It was found that behaviour, such as spending more time underneath the perches, related positively with early perch use and the ability to solve a two dimensional spatial test was related to use of perches in a novel situation as adult. However, the results did not shed any light on whether chicks hatched with good spatial ability or if the spatial ability mostly developed through the use of perches. Dustbathing behaviour was influenced mainly by the substrate and the birds which gained or lost access to peat changed their dustbathing behaviour according to if they dustbathed in peat or on paper. Birds dustbathing on paper performed a less coherent dustbathing behaviour with more long and short bouts than birds dustbathing on peat. Irrespective of treatment all birds were motivated to get access to peat for dustbathing. These results imply that sham dustbathing can not replace functional dustbathing for a hen. In combination, the results of this thesis confirm the importance of giving early access to litter and perches also to the young chick

Новий бібліотечний простір, нові рішення, нові завдання - процес змін і розвитку наукових бібліотек на прикладі бібліотеки факультету Фізики, астрономії та прикладної інформатики Ягеллонського університету

Przeprowadzka Instytutu Fizyki UJ ze starego budynku przy ulicy Reymonta 4 do nowych pomieszczeń na III Kampusie UJ dała możliwość stworzenia nowoczesnej, funkcjonalnej, spełniającej standardy europejskie biblioteki naukowej. Biblioteka w nowej, zmienionej formie, będącej wynikiem współpracy bibliotekarzy i architektów oferuje czytelnikom wolny dostęp do książek, stanowiska komputerowe, wygodne czytelnie, aneks wystawowy. Wprowadzony nowoczesny system technologii radiowej RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) połączony z komputerowym systemem bibliotecznym, identyfikuje czytelnika i książki. Nowoczesne urządzenia biblioteczne umożliwiają samodzielne wypożyczanie i zwrot książek. Biblioteka prowadzi działalność naukowo-bibliograficzną, edukacyjną, organizowane są wystawy. Rozpoczęto digitalizacjęThe big move of the Jagiellonian University Faculty of Physics from the old building at 4 Reymonta Street to the new premises of the 3rd Jagiellonian University Campus at 11 Prof. Stanisław Łojasiewicz Street provided a perfect opportunity for creating a practical, modern and up-to-all-European-standards academic library. Being the result of a close cooperation between the architects and the librarians, the Library in this new form offers a free access to books, computer consoles, comfortable reading rooms and an exhibition hall. Having been linked with a library computer system, a new radio-technology-based system called RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) enables the identification of both library users and books. Modern technology based library devices allow the borrow – return procedures to be carried out by library users themselves. The Library runs a variety of activities including compiling reference materials, organising educational meetings and exhibitions. The digitalisation of selected 19th century works has just started, merging them with the contents of the Digital Jagiellonian Library.Переїзд Інституту фізики Ягеллонського університету зі старого будинку на вул. Реймонта до нових приміщень третього кампусу сприяв створенню сучасної багатофункціональної наукової бібліотеки згідно європейських стандартів. Нова модернізована бібліотека, що постала у результаті тісної співпраці бібліотекарів і архітекторів пропонує читачам вільний доступ до книжок, користувачам автоматизовані робочі місця, комфортні читальні зали, виставкові площі. Впровадження технології RFID в інтеграції з автоматизованою бібліотечною системою дає змогу ідентифікувати читачів і книжки. Сучасні автоматизовані бібліотечні пристрої уможливлюють самостійно здійснювати запис і реєстрацію документів на абонемент і повернення літератури. Бібліотека виконує науково-бібліографічну, інформаційно-освітню, виставкову діяльність. Розпочато поповнення Ягеллонської цифрової бібліотеки шляхом дигіталізації частини фонду видань ХІХ ст

Timing of ancient extensional tectonic features on Mars

Although numerous studies have delineated the Tharsis and post-Tharsis volcanic/tectonic history on Mars, only a few attempts have examined the earlier epochs. This is not an easy task since unambiguous crater ages for pre-Tharsis and early Tharsis units are difficult to determine owing to a variety of active surface processes. Ancient tectonic features, however, have a sufficiently large superposed crater population that should permit relative dating. A technique for crater counting along linear features analagous to areal crater density is proposed. A modification of this approach has been tested and applied to a variety of ancient tectonic features

Igneous intrusion models for floor fracturing in lunar craters

Lunar floor-fractured craters are primarily located near the maria and frequently contain ponded mare units and dark mantling deposits. Fracturing is confined to the crater interior, often producing a moat-like feature near the floor edge, and crater depth is commonly reduced by uplift of the crater floor. Although viscous relaxation of crater topography can produce such uplift, the close association of modification with surface volcanism supports a model linking floor fracture to crater-centered igneous intrusions. The consequences of two intrusion models for the lunar interior are quantitatively explored. The first model is based on terrestrial laccoliths and describes a shallow intrusion beneath the crater. The second model is based on cone sheet complexes where surface deformation results from a deeper magma chamber. Both models, their fit to observed crater modifications and possible implications for local volcanism are described

Floor-fractured crater models for igneous crater modification on Venus

Although crater modification on the Earth, Moon, and Mars results from surface erosion and crater infilling, a significant number of craters on the Moon also exhibit distinctive patterns of crater-centered fracturing and volcanism that can be modeled as the result of igneous crater modification. Here, we consider the possible effects of Venus surface conditions on this model, describe two examples of such crater modification, and then briefly discuss the constraints these craters place on conditions at depth

Constrained Phase Noise Estimation in OFDM Using Scattered Pilots Without Decision Feedback

In this paper, we consider an OFDM radio link corrupted by oscillator phase noise in the receiver, namely the problem of estimating and compensating for the impairment. To lessen the computational burden and delay incurred onto the receiver, we estimate phase noise using only scattered pilot subcarriers, i.e., no tentative symbol decisions are used in obtaining and improving the phase noise estimate. In particular, the phase noise estimation problem is posed as an unconstrained optimization problem whose minimizer suffers from the so-called amplitude and phase estimation error. These errors arise due to receiver noise, estimation from limited scattered pilot subcarriers and estimation using a dimensionality reduction model. It is empirically shown that, at high signal-to-noise-ratios, the phase estimation error is small. To reduce the amplitude estimation error, we restrict the minimizer to be drawn from the so-called phase noise geometry set when minimizing the cost function. The resulting optimization problem is a non-convex program. However, using the S-procedure for quadratic equalities, we show that the optimal solution can be obtained by solving the convex dual problem. We also consider a less complex heuristic scheme that achieves the same objective of restricting the minimizer to the phase noise geometry set. Through simulations, we demonstrate improved coded bit-error-rate and phase noise estimation error performance when enforcing the phase noise geometry. For example, at high signal-to-noise-ratios, the probability density function of the phase noise estimation error exhibits thinner tails which results in lower bit-error-rate

Floor-fractured crater models of the Sudbury structure, Canada

The Sudbury structure in Ontario, Canada, is one of the oldest and largest impact structures recognized in the geological record. It is also one of the most extensively deformed and volcanically modified impact structures on Earth. Although few other terrestrial craters are recognized as volcanically modified, numerous impact craters on the Moon have been volcanically and tectonically modified and provide possible analogs for the observed pattern of modification at Sudbury. We correlate the pattern of early deformation at Sudbury to fracture patterns in two alternative lunar analogs and then use these analogs both to estimate the initial size of the Sudbury structure and to model the nature of early crater modification at Sudbury

Variation in multiring basic structures as a function of impact angle

Previous studies have demonstrated that the impact process in the laboratory varies as a function of impact angle. This variation is attributed to changes in energy partitioning and projectile failure during the impact and, in simple craters, produces a sequence of progressively smaller and more asymmetric crater forms as impact angle decreases from approximately 20 degrees. Variations in impact angle can produce differences in the appearance of multiring impact basins. Comparisons of Orientale to the more oblique impact structure at Crisium also suggests that these differences primarily reflect the degree of cavity collapse. The relative changes in massif ring topography, basin scarp relief, and the distribution of peripheral mare units are consistent with a reduction in degree of cavity collapse with decreasing impact angle. The prominent uprange basin scarps and the restriction of tectonically derived peripheral mare units along uprange ring structures also may indicate an uprange enhancement of failure during cavity collapse. Finally, although basin ring faults appear to be preferred pathways for mare volcanism, fault-controlled peripheral mare volcanism occurs most readily uprange of an oblique impact; elsewhere such volcanism apparently requires superposition of an impact structure on the ring fault