The impact of a natural time change on the convergence of the Crank-Nicolson scheme

We first analyse the effect of a square root transformation to the time variable on the convergence of the Crank-Nicolson scheme when applied to the solution of the heat equation with Dirac delta function initial conditions. In the original variables, the scheme is known to diverge as the time step is reduced with the ratio of the time step to space step held constant and the value of this ratio controls how fast the divergence occurs. After introducing the square root of time variable we prove that the numerical scheme for the transformed partial differential equation now always converges and that the ratio of the time step to space step controls the order of convergence, quadratic convergence being achieved for this ratio below a critical value. Numerical results indicate that the time change used with an appropriate value of this ratio also results in quadratic convergence for the calculation of the price, delta and gamma for standard European and American options without the need for Rannacher start-up steps

Multinationals, Social Agency and Institutional Change; Variation by Sector

This is the accepted manuscript version of the following article: Mike Geppert and Graham Hollinshead, ‘Editorial: Multinationals, Social Agency and Institutional Change; Variation by Sector’, Competition and Change, Vol 18(3): 195-199, June 2014. The final, definitive version of this paper has been published is available online via doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1024529414Z.00000000056 Published by SAGE Publishing. All rights reserved. © W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2014Multinational corporations (MNCs) operate at a crossroads of countervailing influences, While headquarters are typically embedded in the institutional settings of their home country, subsidiaries tend to internalize regulative and cognitive frames in their own national and regional contexts. MNCs now frequently assume highly diffuse global structures, operating across regionally dispersed horizontal and vertical networks, thereby exposing them to a global mosaic of societal, institutional and socio- economic influences. Moreover, MNCs are subjected to regulative effects emanating from transnational regulationPeer reviewe

Examining the Effects of Oral Contraceptive Use on Thermoregulation

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of combined (estradiol and progestin) monophasic oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use on thermoregulation. Further, we sought to evaluate OCP use on acute rehydration post-exercise in the heat using recommended rehydration guidelines. Methods: Twelve healthy, aerobically trained (VO2peak = 47.8 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min), long term female oral contraceptive users completed a familiarization trial and two experimental days separated by ≥ 7 days. The two experimental trials were identical except for the hormone dosing phase. One trial was completed during the third week of active pill dosing (ACT) and one during the placebo week (PLA) of their normally prescribed OCPs. Participants completed 90 minutes of cycling in 30ºC and 55% relative humidity and a rehydration protocol. Exercise intensity was set at 55% of the wattage attained during the final stage of the VO2peak test. Trec, heart rate, blood pressure and perceptual measurements were recorded every 15-minutes. Body mass change was measured continuously and recorded every 15-minutes and subsequently used to provide water (warmed to 38°C) to replace sweat losses. Water was given to the participant to match 50% of sweat loss at each time point. Metabolic data (VO2) wattage and cadence was collected at 30-minutes, 60-minutes, 75-minutes and at the cessation of exercise (Hashimoto et al., 2016) to ensure work intensity was kept constant. 125% of fluid lost was replaced via a recovery beverage and water post-exercise. Results: Tre demonstrated a significant main effect difference for ACT to be greater than PLA compared to PLA (F1.55,15.53 = 74.019, P \u3c 0.001). There was also a significant main effect for Tre to increase over time, regardless of trial (F1,10 = 24.064, P \u3c 0.001). There was not an interaction of time x trial (F1.96,19.62 = 1.822, P = 0.189) for Tre. There was no difference in overall change in temperature (baseline to maximum temperature) between trials (ACT: 1.3 ± 0.5ºC, PLA: 1.4 ± 0.4ºC, t10 = -0.588, P = 0.570). Post-exercise, there was no difference between trials in the amount of fluid consumed (ACT: 1007 ± 256 mL; PLA: 921 ± 448 mL, t10 = 0.874, P = 0.403). There was no difference in spot sample USG assessed 3-h post-trial between trials (t7 = -0.743, P = 0.487). Likewise, 3-h spot sample urine osmolality was not different between trials (t7 = - 1.177, P = 0.287). Urgency to void at 3-h post-trial was not different between groups (t7 = - 1.000, P = 0.351). Perception of thirst was not different 3-h post-trial (t7 = - 0.3859, P = 0.711). Conclusion: We demonstrated a significant difference in core temperature elevation during the ACT trial. However, in following recommended hydration guidelines, OCP phase has no effect on fluid retention post-exercise in the heat

Edward Irving: an interpretation of his life and theological teaching

Jesus Christ had become a figure, remote and speculat¬ ive, to many minds in the early Nineteenth Century. Chris¬ tianity was either a code of ethics or a quasi-political creed of human achievement, and the Church the refuge of respectability and material success. For Irving the exist¬ ing expression of religious truth was a shattering rebuke. All his efforts, thinking and writing became an attempt to break through to reality and yet not depart from foundation beliefs and doctrines. Like all reformers he looked back as well as forward. The faith once delivered to the saints was real enough. It was a new and fresh understanding and interpretation which was of urgent moment. His recurring claim to orthodoxy was not a smoke screen to cover erratic and esoteric thought, but an honest proclamation of essential truth.To-day we may find it difficult to sympathise with the extremes of opinion which beat about his brief life, and we may puzzle at the arguments which sometimes he developed at such length, but his instinct was right if his conclusions were on occasion wrong. An ethereal Christ just as much as a human Jesus was no answer to man's need, and no answer to man's essential problem. It is to Irving's credit that he sought to do for his generation, what still remains to be done for ours: to preach a Christ who will satisfy mail's longing, inspire his devotion, and make whole his life. No Theology can square with present problems and bring alive religious belief which does not humanize the Christ of God and make Divine the Jesus of History. Irving was a lot nearer truth than his judges were. It remains the task of tiiis generation to clarify the issues which he raised, and to make vivid and strong the doctrines which he drew out of the shades of unbelief and obscurity.There is a spot near Haddington which was once known as Irving?s leap. Irving was always leaping further than he could see, and higher than it was safe. That was at once his glory and his undoing. He does, however, point to the place from whence we must leap, and he has described as nearly as is humanly possible the place of our arrival. Dr. George MacLeod has recently asked,"When will all of us in the Church recover again the 235 faith that God cam© in a body and rose in a body to give body to holiness? When we do multitudes who to¬ day are careless, will want to crucify us, but other multitudes will want to join us, just because at last both multitudes will know we really care, as a Man cares".Irving would have denied that at any stage in his life, he was a rebel against the Church, but he was always a 3harp critic of its ways and manners. He did, however, believe that the STRUCTURE of its life required change. He brought to sharp focus the question which faces us just as urgently to-day - how to reform the Church frora within. He failed to keep a foothold within orthodoxy, and it remains to be seen whether reformation is possible without the forced or chosen excommunication of the Individual reformer. What Irving meant by the Church's structure, was its ministry, its government and its economy. Within a few years of his death the Disruption of the Church in Scotland was proof enough of Ms right Instinct. He was moved to challenge the prevailing conception of the Ministry, not primarily because it was inadequate for Its work, but because it did not conform to Biblical Teaching. While he held a highIn the previous chapter we briefly considered Irving's many writings which ccane under the heading "Prophecy". Signs are not wanting of a revival of interest in these, as indeed in Irving himself as a theologian. Modern preoccupation 237 with a Christian Philosophy of History must lead to a closer examination of vshat Irving was searching after in the many pages which he wrote under this heading. It Is possible that Irving's claim to a place among Scotland's great theologians may yet be upheld when these comparatively un¬ known works are tested and more clearly understood. What stands out as a beacon In all his preaching and teaching, is that Theology is no intellectual exercise governed solely by reason and a scrutiny of Holy Scripture and amplified by the ancient Creeds, but something deeply rooted in life, always in transition, and afire with the inspiration of the Holy Spirit - the expression of the Mind of Christ in this period of the time between the times - between the time of Christ's coming in flesh and His coming again In glory

Enhanced Stationkeeping Maneuver Control Technique for Delta-V Cost Reduction in the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter

Final document is attached. This paper proposes an enhanced control technique for stationkeeping maneuvers to reduce delta-v costs for the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO). A scheduled circularization control technique exploits patterns in the evolution of the line of apsides and eccentricity to achieve a significant reduction in stationkeeping delta-v costs based on spacecraft requirements. The technique is compared against previous algorithms implemented for maneuver operations of the Lunar Prospector and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) missions in the USA and KAGUYA in Japan. Through Monte Carlo analysis, the efficacy and robustness of the proposed method are verified, and the technique is shown to meet the operational requirements of KPLO

Radon exposure and cancers other than lung cancer in Swedish iron miners.

Data are presented on the risks of cancers other than lung cancer in a cohort of iron miners from northern Sweden occupationally exposed to elevated levels of the radioactive gas radon. Compared with rates for the four northernmost counties of Sweden, mortality was increased for all cancers other than lung cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.41), stomach cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.98), and rectal cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.03-3.31). Despite these overall increases, mortality was not significantly associated with cumulative exposure to radon, either for all cancers other than lung cancer or for any site of cancer other than lung cancer individually. However, the data from this cohort on its own have limited power; and for several sites of cancer the data in this study would be consistent with a radon-related increase. Further study of cancers other than lung cancer in populations exposed to radon is required

Using LibGuides to Promote Faculty/Librarian Interaction

See presentation description

Ultra-Wideband Communication and Sensor Fusion Platform for the Purpose of Multi-Perspective Localization.

Localization is a keystone for a robot to work within its environment and with other robots. There have been many methods used to solve this problem. This paper deals with the use of beacon-based localization to answer the research question: Can ultra-wideband technology be used to effectively localize a robot with sensor fusion? This paper has developed an innovative solution for creating a sensor fusion platform that uses ultra-wideband communication as a localization method to allow an environment to be perceived and inspected in three dimensions from multiple perspectives simultaneously. A series of contributions have been presented, supported by an in-depth literature review regarding topics in this field of knowledge. The proposed method was then designed, built, and tested successfully in two different environments exceeding its required tolerances. The result of the testing and the ideas formulated throughout the paper were discussed and future work outlined on how to build upon this work in potential academic papers and projects

Space Station Freedom environmental control and life support system phase 3 simplified integrated test detailed report

A description of the phase 3 simplified integrated test (SIT) conducted at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Core Module Integration Facility (CMIF) in 1989 is presented. This was the first test in the phase 3 series integrated environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS) tests. The basic goal of the SIT was to achieve full integration of the baseline air revitalization (AR) subsystems for Space Station Freedom. Included is a description of the SIT configuration, a performance analysis of each subsystem, results from air and water sampling, and a discussion of lessons learned from the test. Also included is a full description of the preprototype ECLSS hardware used in the test

Comparing the Penman-Monteith equation and a modified Jarvis-Stewart model with an artificial neural network to estimate stand-scale transpiration and canopy conductance

The responses of canopy conductance to variation in solar radiation, vapour pressure deficit and soil moisture have been extensively modelled using a Jarvis-Stewart (JS) model. Modelled canopy conductance has then often been used to predict transpiration using the Penman-Monteith (PM) model. We previously suggested an alternative approach in which the JS model is modified to directly estimate transpiration rather than canopy conductance. In the present study we used this alternative approach to model tree water fluxes from an Australian native forest over an annual cycle. For comparative purposes we also modelled canopy conductance and estimated transpiration via the PM model. Finally we applied an artificial neural network as a statistical benchmark to compare the performance of both models. Both the PM and modified JS models were parameterised using solar radiation, vapour pressure deficit and soil moisture as inputs with results that compare well with previous studies. Both models performed comparably well during the summer period. However, during winter the PM model was found to fail during periods of high rates of transpiration. In contrast, the modified JS model was able to replicate observed sapflow measurements throughout the year although it too tended to underestimate rates of transpiration in winter under conditions of high rates of transpiration. Both approaches to modelling transpiration gave good agreement with hourly, daily and total sums of sapflow measurements with the modified JS and PM models explaining 87% and 86% of the variance, respectively. We conclude that these three approaches have merit at different time-scales. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved