From State Terrorism to Petty Harassment: A Multi-Method Approach to Understanding Repression of Irish Republicans

Beginning in 1969, the Provisional Irish Republican Army conducted a paramilitary campaign designed to unite Northern Ireland with the Republic of Ireland, creating a 32 county democratic socialist republic. The Provisional IRA’s campaign officially ended in 2005, but former Provisionals and others who followed them continue to pursue armed struggle to this day. The Provisional IRA and its successors are part of the centuries old and highly documented “resistance” of Irish people to British interference in Ireland. Over those centuries, state authorities ‒ the British, Irish, and Northern Irish governments ‒ have “resisted” the dissent of Irish Republicans. This paper draws on three different research methodologies available to social scientists ‒ counts of events that inform quantitative analyses, intensive interviews/oral histories, and visual sociology ‒ and argues that a multi-method approach will provide a better understanding of the dynamics of “resistance” in Ireland and, more generally, social protest

Designing a visible city for visually impaired users

This paper reports on an ongoing doctoral research project which aims to identify the main barriers to access within the built environment for persons with a visual impairment. The research seeks to investigate whether these barriers are common for all types of visual impairment and degree of vision loss and if so, what inclusive design solutions can accommodate the needs of the majority of visually impaired users. An access audit has been conducted within Glasgow city centre which sought to quantify the number and type of hazards present within a typical built environment. This was followed up by a questionnaire which asked participants to rate factors which may prevent them from making independent visits to their nearest city centre including psychological factors, physical features and obstructions resulting from the presence of street furniture. Participants also indicated the colours and contrasts which they find easiest to detect within the built environment. These findings will be used to inform the creation of a new set of design guidelines to assist designers, architects and urban planners as to how they can provide more accessible and inclusive environments for the visually impaired population

History and Logic Model NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Instrument Project Division (IPD) Schedule and Cost Study

No abstract availabl

Choosing terrace systems (1993)

Terraces are one way to control soil erosion. Crop rotation and tillage practices also control erosion. but they do not provide control of runoff water after heavy rains, Terraces provide this control and should often be a part of your water management plan for continuous row crops on slopes of 5 percent or more. Terraces do require high capital investments, however. Costs may range from $100 to$250 per acre, depending on the type of terrace system

The Indy Racing League and the Indianapolis 500: Increasing Competition in Open-Wheeled Automobile Racing in the United States

Over the course of its lengthy history, the popularity of open-wheeled automobile racing in the United States has waxed and waned. This is especially evident in recent years. The 1996 “split” between the Indy Racing League (IRL; later, the IndyCar Series) and Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART; later the Champ Car World Series) severely hurt the sport. Following the split there was a well-documented decline in fan interest from which the sport has not recovered. Less understood, however, is that under the Indy Racing League the Indianapolis 500, the premier event in open-wheeled racing in the United States, became more competitive. Ironically, while fan interest decreased in the Indy Racing League era, the quality of racing increased. The increased competition associated with the Indy Racing League is a historically significant development that bodes well for the future of the sport

The Establishment and Reterritorialization of Planning Districts in South Dakota as a Response to Economic Challenges

Rural areas in South Dakota have been experiencing population decline over the last forty years. This has reduced tax revenues of small town and cities, in turn reducing the abilities of local governments to provide services. The concurrent rise in federal monies and federal policies has caused many local communities to reterritorialize into planning districts that are quasi-government in nature. These planning districts bring together the resources and talents of local communities to obtain much needed federal monies through grants. This is an examination of this process and its effects within South Dakota

Fungal Symbionts (Harpellales) in Norwegian Aquatic Insect Larvae

Collections of aquatic insect larvae in Norway, over a 40 d period in May and Aug 2002, resulted in finding more than 25 species and one new genus of Harpellales (Trichomycetes). Nine new fungal symbionts are described and named: Ephemerellomyces aquilonius (a new monotypic genus), Glotzia stenospora and Legeriosimilis europaeus in mayfly nymphs (Ephemeroptera); Genistelloides amplispora and G. communis in stonefly nymphs (Plecoptera); and Smittium biforme, Sm. precipitiorum, Stachylina acutibasilaris and St. lentica in midge larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Two possibly new species of Smittium in Chironomidae larvae are described but not formally named. New hosts and biogeographical distributions are recorded for 14 previously described species, including the rare occurrence of Smittium simulii in mosquito larvae

Applications of satellite technology to broadband ISDN networks

Two satellite architectures for delivering broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) service are evaluated. The first is assumed integral to an existing terrestrial network, and provides complementary services such as interconnects to remote nodes as well as high-rate multicast and broadcast service. The interconnects are at a 155 Mbs rate and are shown as being met with a nonregenerative multibeam satellite having 10-1.5 degree spots. The second satellite architecture focuses on providing private B-ISDN networks as well as acting as a gateway to the public network. This is conceived as being provided by a regenerative multibeam satellite with on-board ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) processing payload. With up to 800 Mbs offered, higher satellite EIRP is required. This is accomplished with 12-0.4 degree hopping beams, covering a total of 110 dwell positions. It is estimated the space segment capital cost for architecture one would be about $190M whereas the second architecture would be about$250M. The net user cost is given for a variety of scenarios, but the cost for 155 Mbs services is shown to be about $15-22/minute for 25 percent system utilization