11,627 research outputs found
The existence of time
Of those gauge theories of gravity known to be equivalent to general
relativity, only the biconformal gauging introduces new structures - the
quotient of the conformal group of any pseudo-Euclidean space by its Weyl
subgroup always has natural symplectic and metric structures. Using this metric
and symplectic form, we show that there exist canonically conjugate,
orthogonal, metric submanifolds if and only if the original gauged space is
Euclidean or signature 0. In the Euclidean cases, the resultant configuration
space must be Lorentzian. Therefore, in this context, time may be viewed as a
derived property of general relativity.Comment: 21 pages (Reduced to clarify and focus on central argument; some
calculations condensed; typos corrected
Hidden Dirac Monopoles
Dirac showed that the existence of one magnetic pole in the universe could
offer an explanation of the discrete nature of the electric charge. Magnetic
poles appear naturally in most grand unified theories. Their discovery would be
of greatest importance for particle physics and cosmology. The intense
experimental search carried thus far has not met with success. I proposed a
universe with magnetic poles which are not observed free because they hide in
deeply bound monopole--anti-monopole states named monopolium. I discuss the
realization of this proposal and its consistency with known cosmological
features. I furthermore analyze its implications and the experimental
signatures that confirm the scenario.Comment: Comments: 15 pages, 3 figure
Bubbles created from vacuum fluctuation
We show that the bubbles can be created from vacuum
fluctuation in certain De Sitter universe, so the space-time foam-like
structure might really be constructed from bubbles of in the
very early inflating phase of our universe. But whether such foam-like
structure persisted during the later evolution of the universe is a problem
unsolved now.Comment: 6 page
Quantum Black Holes as the Link Between Microphysics and Macrophysics
There appears to be a duality between elementary particles, which span the
mass range below the Planck scale, and black holes, which span the mass range
range above it. In particular, the Black Hole Uncertainty Principle
Correspondence posits a smooth transition between the Compton and Schwarzschild
scales as a function of mass. This suggests that all black holes are in some
sense quantum, that elementary particles can be interpreted as sub-Planckian
black holes, and that there is a subtle connection between quantum and
classical physics.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, 2015 Karl Schwarzschild Meeting on Gravitational
Physics, eds. P. Nicolini, J. Mureika, M. Kaminski and M. Bleiche
Time Machine at the LHC
Recently, black hole and brane production at CERN's Large Hadron Collider
(LHC) has been widely discussed. We suggest that there is a possibility to test
causality at the LHC. We argue that if the scale of quantum gravity is of the
order of few TeVs, proton-proton collisions at the LHC could lead to the
formation of time machines (spacetime regions with closed timelike curves)
which violate causality. One model for the time machine is a traversable
wormhole. We argue that the traversable wormhole production cross section at
the LHC is of the same order as the cross section for the black hole
production. Traversable wormholes assume violation of the null energy condition
(NEC) and an exotic matter similar to the dark energy is required. Decay of the
wormholes/time machines and signatures of time machine events at the LHC are
discussed.Comment: 12 pages, LATEX, comments and references adde
LASSO: Listing All Subset Sums Obediently for Evaluating Unbounded Subset Sums
In this study we present a novel algorithm, LASSO, for solving the unbounded and bounded subset sum problem. The LASSO algorithm was designed to solve the unbounded SSP quickly and to return all subsets summing to a target sum. As speed was the highest priority, we benchmarked the run time performance of LASSO against implementations of some common approaches to the bounded SSP, as well as the only comparable implementation for solving the unbounded SSP that we could find. In solving the bounded SSP, our algorithm had a significantly faster run time than the competing algorithms when the target sum returned at least one subset. When the target returned no subsets, LASSO had a poorer run time growth rate than the competing algorithms solving bounded subset sum. For solving the USSP LASSO was significantly faster than the only comparable algorithm for this problem, both in run time and run time growth rate
Measuring Which-Path Information with Coupled Electronic Mach-Zehnder Interferometers
We theoretically investigate a generalized "which-path" measurement on an
electronic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) implemented via Coulomb coupling
to a second electronic MZI acting as a detector. The use of contextual values,
or generalized eigenvalues, enables the precise construction of which-path
operator averages that are valid for any measurement strength from the
available drain currents. The form of the contextual values provides direct
physical insight about the measurement being performed, providing information
about the correlation strength between system and detector, the measurement
inefficiency, and the proper background removal. We find that the detector
interferometer must display maximal wave-like behavior to optimally measure the
particle-like which-path information in the system interferometer,
demonstrating wave-particle complementarity between the system and detector. We
also find that the degree of quantum erasure that can be achieved by
conditioning on a specific detector drain is directly related to the ambiguity
of the measurement. Finally, conditioning the which-path averages on a
particular system drain using the zero frequency cross-correlations produces
conditioned averages that can become anomalously large due to quantum
interference; the weak coupling limit of these conditioned averages can produce
both weak values and detector-dependent semi-weak values.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, published version including appendi
Phase Space Formulation of Quantum Mechanics. Insight into the Measurement Problem
A phase space mathematical formulation of quantum mechanical processes
accompanied by and ontological interpretation is presented in an axiomatic
form. The problem of quantum measurement, including that of quantum state
filtering, is treated in detail. Unlike standard quantum theory both quantum
and classical measuring device can be accommodated by the present approach to
solve the quantum measurement problemComment: 29 pages, 4 figure
NMR implementation of Quantum Delayed-Choice Experiment
We report the first experimental demonstration of quantum delayed-choice
experiment via nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. An ensemble of molecules
each with two spin-1/2 nuclei are used as target and the ancilla qubits to
perform the quantum circuit corresponding the delayed-choice setup. As expected
in theory, our experiments clearly demonstrate the continuous morphing of the
target qubit between particle-like and wave-like behaviors. The experimental
visibility of the interference patterns shows good agreement with the theory.Comment: Revised text, more figures adde
Wigner-Yanase skew information as tests for quantum entanglement
A Bell-type inequality is proposed in terms of Wigner-Yanase skew
information, which is quadratic and involves only one local spin observable at
each site. This inequality presents a hierarchic classification of all states
of multipartite quantum systems from separable to fully entangled states, which
is more powerful than the one presented by quadratic Bell inequalities from
two-entangled to fully entangled states. In particular, it is proved that the
inequality provides an exact test to distinguish entangled from nonentangled
pure states of two qubits. Our inequality sheds considerable light on
relationships between quantum entanglement and information theory.Comment: 5 page
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