Forage Plants and Cereals at the Highmore Sub-Station for 1904-5

The State Agricultural Experiment Station at Highmore, Hyde County, South Dakota, has been in operation for seven years of the location in testing and developing drouth [sic] resistant crops. Hyde County is fairly representative of a large portion of the state from the James River west, which is not well represented by the Brookings Station. The primary purpose of the Highmore Station was to test and develop grasses and forage crops, as it was supposed that this region would be largely a grass country instead of a farming country. Later developments have shown it desirable and in fact necessary to enlarge somewhat upon the work as it was first planned. Co-operative work with the United States Department of Agriculture in the testing of varieties of cereals has been carried on for three years. The report of this work as given by Mr. John S. Cole forms the latter part of this bulletin. The experimental farm at Highmore consists of 117 acres of land. The character of the soil and the lay of the land is somewhat poorer than the average in Hyde County. This, however, is not a disadvantage, for on this account no one can consider the records from the Highmore Station as coming from an unusually good piece of land and, therefore, unreliable for general comparisons

Report of Investigations at The Highmore Station for 1903

The work of testing grasses and other forage plants at Highmore during the season of 1903 was carried on by Mr. Sylvester Balz under the direction of Professor De Alton Saunders. The following report of the work has been prepared from the data furnished by Mr. Balz at the close of the season\u27s work. Professor Saunders severed his connection with the South Dakota Agricultural College in October, 1903. There being more land at the station than necessary to carry on the tests of forage plants, a part of it was used by Professor Chilcott and if Mr.Cole in testing macaroni wheats and other grains in co-operation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Their report forms the latter part of this bulletin

Anomalous yielding in the complex metallic alloy Al13Co4

The single crystal deformation behaviour of orthorhombic Al13Co4 hasbeen studied below the brittle-ductile transition temperature observedin bulk material from room temperature to 600 degrees C, usingindentation, microcompression and transmission electron microscopy. Atroom temperature, slip occurred most easily by dislocation motion on the(0 0 1)[0 1 0] slip system, as observed in the ductile regime at hightemperatures. However, as the temperature was increased towards 600degrees C, the slip pattern changed to one consisting of linear defectsrunning perpendicular to the loading axis. Serrated flow was observed atall temperatures, although at 600 degrees C the magnitude of theserrations decreased. Anomalous yielding behaviour was also observedabove 226 degrees C, where both the yield and the 2\% flow stressincreased with temperature, almost doubling between 226 and 600 degreesC. It has been suggested that this might arise due to the increasingstability of orthorhombic Al13Co4 with respect to the monoclinic formwith increasing temperature. This is shown to be consistent with thetheoretical predictions that exist

EPR-Bell Nonlocality, Lorentz Invariance, and Bohmian Quantum Theory

We discuss the problem of finding a Lorentz invariant extension of Bohmian mechanics. Due to the nonlocality of the theory there is (for systems of more than one particle) no obvious way to achieve such an extension. We present a model invariant under a certain limit of Lorentz transformations, a limit retaining the characteristic feature of relativity, the non-existence of absolute time resp. simultaneity. The analysis of this model exemplifies an important property of any Bohmian quantum theory: the quantum equilibrium distribution $\rho = |\psi |^2$ cannot simultaneously be realized in all Lorentz frames of reference.Comment: 24 pages, LaTex, 4 figure

Founding quantum theory on the basis of consciousness

In the present work, quantum theory is founded on the framework of consciousness, in contrast to earlier suggestions that consciousness might be understood starting from quantum theory. The notion of streams of consciousness, usually restricted to conscious beings, is extended to the notion of a Universal/Global stream of conscious flow of ordered events. The streams of conscious events which we experience constitute sub-streams of the Universal stream. Our postulated ontological character of consciousness also consists of an operator which acts on a state of potential consciousness to create or modify the likelihoods for later events to occur and become part of the Universal conscious flow. A generalized process of measurement-perception is introduced, where the operation of consciousness brings into existence, from a state of potentiality, the event in consciousness. This is mathematically represented by (a) an operator acting on the state of potential-consciousness before an actual event arises in consciousness and (b) the reflecting of the result of this operation back onto the state of potential-consciousness for comparison in order for the event to arise in consciousness. Beginning from our postulated ontology that consciousness is primary and from the most elementary conscious contents, such as perception of periodic change and motion, quantum theory follows naturally as the description of the conscious experience.Comment: 41 pages, 3 figures. To be published in Foundations of Physics, Vol 36 (6) (June 2006), published online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-006-9049-

Action at a distance as a full-value solution of Maxwell equations: basis and application of separated potential's method

The inadequacy of Li\'{e}nard-Wiechert potentials is demonstrated as one of the examples related to the inconsistency of the conventional classical electrodynamics. The insufficiency of the Faraday-Maxwell concept to describe the whole electromagnetic phenomena and the incompleteness of a set of solutions of Maxwell equations are discussed and mathematically proved. Reasons of the introduction of the so-called ``electrodynamics dualism concept" (simultaneous coexistence of instantaneous Newton long-range and Faraday-Maxwell short-range interactions) have been displayed. It is strictly shown that the new concept presents itself as the direct consequence of the complete set of Maxwell equations and makes it possible to consider classical electrodynamics as a self-consistent and complete theory, devoid of inward contradictions. In the framework of the new approach, all main concepts of classical electrodynamics are reconsidered. In particular, a limited class of motion is revealed when accelerated charges do not radiate electromagnetic field.Comment: ReVTeX file, 24pp. Small corrections which do not have influence results of the paper. Journal reference is adde

Patterns of incident genital human papillomavirus infection in women: A literature review and meta-analysis

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection acquisition is a necessary step in the development of cervical cancer. No study has systematically quantified the rate of newly acquired HPV infections from the published literature and determined its relationship with age. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe incident HPV infections in women. Medline® and Thomson Reuters Web of Science via PubMed® databases were searched. A total of 46 of 5136 studies met inclusion criteria and contributed results. We conducted a meta-regression analysis of 13 studies, which reported incidence rate estimates on over 13 high-risk HPV types, to provide pooled stratum-specific incidence rates and rate ratios for key population and study characteristics among 8488 women. Studies with mean age < 30 years had relatively higher HPV incidence rates compared to studies with mean age ≥30 years: relative risk = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.41–6.93. HPV-16 was most frequently detected, followed by HPV-18: relative risk = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.33–0.67, and by HPV-58: relative risk = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.27–0.74. Younger age is a key predictor of genital HPV incidence in women. These data on the relative distribution of incident HPV infections will provide a baseline comparison for monitoring of changes in HPV incidence following the implementation of population-level HPV vaccination

Urinary active transforming growth factor ß in feline chronic kidney disease

The cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been widely implicated in the development and progression of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans and in experimental models. The aims of this study were to assess the association between urinary active TGF-β1 and (a) development of CKD in a cross-sectional study, (b) deterioration of renal function over 1 year in a longitudinal study, and (c) renal histopathological parameters in cats. A human active TGF-β1 ELISA was validated for use in feline urine. Cross-sectional analysis revealed no significant difference in urinary active TGF-β1:creatinine ratio (aTGF-β1:UCr) between groups with differing renal function. Longitudinally, non-azotaemic cats that developed CKD demonstrated a significant (P = 0.028) increase in aTGF-β1:UCr approximately 6 months before the development of azotaemia, which remained elevated (P = 0.046) at diagnosis (approximately 12 months prior, 8.4 pg/mg; approximately 6 months prior, 22.2 pg/mg; at CKD diagnosis, 24.6 pg/mg). In the histopathology study, aTGF-β1:UCr was significantly higher in cats with moderate (P = 0.02) and diffuse (P = 0.005) renal fibrosis than in cats without fibrosis. Cats with moderate renal inflammation had significantly higher urinary active aTGF-β1 concentrations than cats with mild (P = 0.035) or no inflammatory change (P = 0.004). The parameter aTGF-β1:UCr was independently associated with Log urine protein:creatinine ratio in a multivariable analysis of clinicopathological parameters and interstitial fibrosis score in a multivariable analysis of histopathological features. These results suggest that urinary aTGF-β1 reflects the severity of renal pathology. Increases in urinary aTGF-β1 followed longitudinally in individual cats may indicate the development of CKD

Eutectic colony formation: A phase field study

Eutectic two-phase cells, also known as eutectic colonies, are commonly observed during the solidification of ternary alloys when the composition is close to a binary eutectic valley. In analogy with the solidification cells formed in dilute binary alloys, colony formation is triggered by a morphological instability of a macroscopically planar eutectic solidification front due to the rejection by both solid phases of a ternary impurity that diffuses in the liquid. Here we develop a phase-field model of a binary eutectic with a dilute ternary impurity and we investigate by dynamical simulations both the initial linear regime of this instability, and the subsequent highly nonlinear evolution of the interface that leads to fully developed two-phase cells with a spacing much larger than the lamellar spacing. We find a good overall agreement with our recent linear stability analysis [M. Plapp and A. Karma, Phys. Rev. E 60, 6865 (1999)], which predicts a destabilization of the front by long-wavelength modes that may be stationary or oscillatory. A fine comparison, however, reveals that the assumption commonly attributed to Cahn that lamella grow perpendicular to the envelope of the solidification front is weakly violated in the phase-field simulations. We show that, even though weak, this violation has an important quantitative effect on the stability properties of the eutectic front. We also investigate the dynamics of fully developed colonies and find that the large-scale envelope of the composite eutectic front does not converge to a steady state, but exhibits cell elimination and tip-splitting events up to the largest times simulated.Comment: 18 pages, 18 EPS figures, RevTeX twocolumn, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Characterisation of Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells as mesenchymal in phenotype

The Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney Cell (CRFK) is an immortalised cell line derived from the feline kidney that is utilised for the growth of certain vaccinal viruses. Confusion exists as to whether CRFK are epithelial or mesenchymal in phenotype. The aim of this study was to characterise CRFK cells via immunofluorescence, enzyme cytochemistry, western blotting, RT-qPCR for S100A4 and comparison to primary feline proximal tubular epithelial cells (FPTEC) and feline cortical fibroblasts (FCF). CRFK cells were of fusiform morphology and appeared similar to FCF. CRFK expressed the mesenchymal intermediate filament (IF) protein vimentin together with two cell adhesion molecules associated with feline fibroblasts (CD29 and CD44), and lacked expression of the epithelial IF cytokeratin, myogenic IF desmin and endothelial marker von Willebrand factor (vWF). In addition, CRFK did not demonstrate brush border enzyme activity typical of FPTEC. S100A4 gene expression, implicated in both neoplastic transformation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, was highly upregulated in CRFK in comparison to the primary feline renal cells. CRFK appear phenotypically similar to fibroblasts, rather than tubular epithelial cells, and may have undergone neoplastic transformation or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition after extensive passaging. This finding may have potential implications for future research utilising this cell line