Marketing career transitions: women marketers embedded in the profession?

This qualitative study explores a UK sample of 25 women marketing professionals and how their career paths are reached and moderated over time. The research addresses the women‟s reasons for moving from corporate marketing careers to self-employment in marketing and discovers that their career anchor is their embeddedness in the marketing profession which remains a constant throughout their career. This suggests that marketing talent is being lost to the corporate environment but not necessarily to the profession. It also suggests that the profession needs to acknowledge these career transitions when offering support to those practicing marketing

An exploration of Icelandic marketing entrepreneurs

Little research have focused on women entrepreneurship in Iceland and yet it is often heralded as a beacon of gender equality (Pettersson, 2012; Achtenhagen and Tilmar, 2013; Smith-Hunter, 2013). The World Economic Forum (2013) identified Iceland as the country with the world's smallest gender gap. This small gender gap is not reflected in the entrepreneurship figures which show that only 8 percent of Icelandic women are classed as entrepreneurs (GEM, 2009) compared to 15 percent of men. Furthermore, Danson and Burnett (2013) posited that entrepreneurship in island environments is an under-researched area. It is therefore pertinent to explore what is happening in terms of women’s entrepreneurship in Iceland. The paper builds upon similar studies already undertaken in the UK and Europe (see Foster et al., 2011 and Wheatley et al, 2011) that have investigated the careers of marketing professionals through their life-courses. Marketing is considered to be a feminised industry in Iceland yet there is little knowledge about the careers these women have in the profession or why they decide to become self- employed. The findings showed the most often women became self-employed because of a trigger event and it seemed in most cases to be the financial crises in 2008

Marketing women in Iceland: challenges of establishing a company

Objectives: This paper explores the experiences of nine Icelandic business women who that have their own marketing businesses. In recent years more women graduated from Icelandic universities than men (Statistic Iceland, 2012a) where business and marketing studies have proved popular. Little is known though about the experiences of Icelandic women moving into self-employment in marketing, particularly in relation to challenges of setting up and managing their own business. Iceland provides a unique context as it is a small island with only 325.000 habitants (Statistic Iceland, 2014). The country was hit badly by the economic crisis in 2008 which is likely to have affected the career and business decisions of self-employed women. Prior Work: Marketing is considered to be a female-oriented industry but experiences of women working in marketing are an under-researched area (Maclaren and Catterall, 2000). In addition, Marlow et al.,(2009) called for studies focusing on the challenges of the entrepreneurial environment for women. Some of the challenges that women owning their own business have to face have been identified as capitalisation, working hours and location (Carter et al., 2001; Roper and Scott, 2009; Harding, 2006). These experiences will be discussed in this paper. Approach: This paper builds on work from a similar study already undertaken in the UK by Foster and Brindley (2010); Foster et al., (2011) and Wheatley at al., (2011) and their investigation of marketing businesses in the UK but explores the experiences in the novel context of Iceland which is a much smaller economy and often heralded as a beacon of gender equality (Petterson 2012; Acthenhagen and Tilmar, 2013). The study takes an exploratory, qualitative approach. Convenience sampling was used for the study with nine Icelandic women who owned a marketing business. All the interviews were conducted with the owner of the company using a set of questions around a priori themes drawn from the literature. The interviews took place in August 2013. Results: Preliminary analysis indicates that Icelandic women are cautious when it comes to capitalisation. They are quite reluctant to take out a loan to finance their business. In addition the majority seemed to work long hours, often nights and weekends. Full findings will be presented at the conference. Implications: These findings give the first account of experiences of Icelandic self-employed women in marketing and answers recent calls for studies in the field of marketing and the entrepreneur environment for women (Maclaren and Catterall, 2000; Marlow et al.,2009). Value: This paper provides an insight into the experiences of the Icelandic business women working in marketing. In addition it offers comparisons with previous studies conducted in the UK

Continuous wave detector has wide frequency range

Portable battery-operated detector indicates the presence of steady state signals exceeding a predetermined value over a wide frequency range by the closure of output relay contacts. It was designed to monitor electronic equipment used in the Saturn 2 program

Religious immediacy in radical puritanism: a study of its effects upon thought and conduct

This study began as a search for a deeper understanding of the nature of vital religious experience. The first inspiration for a method of approach came from Baron von Htigel's classic description of the three elements which constitute religious experience, the mystical-intuitive, historical-institutional, and rational-philosophical. Equipped with this insight, it became apparent that the many hooks which have appeared on the subject of mysticism in the last fifty years have been an attempt to redress the over-balancing emphasis on the institutional in much of twentieth century religion. And since many of then had been inspired by studies of seventeenth and eighteenth century mystical writers, as Ronald Knox's Enthusicsta, for example, it seemed that this might be a fruitful period for investigation. Those who have actually experienced a personal relationship to God are often more helpful tutors than those who describe the experience of others

When Imagining Yourself in Pain, Visual Perspective Matters : The Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Simulated Sensory Experiences

© 2015 Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Effects of pathogen priming on judgements of face and voice attractiveness and health [oral presentation]

It has been shown (e.g. Wells et al., 2011) that whilst individuals can use both face and voice quality to make judgements of perceived attractiveness and health, in face-voice compounds, face quality typically overshadows (dominates) the judgement. It has also been shown that priming about environmental pathogen load can have a significant effect on a range judgements and behaviours (e.g. Dunn & Chambers, 2011; Little et al., 2011). Here we report on two experiments (Exp. 1 & Exp. 2), in which we explored the effects of implicit pathogen priming on face/voice attractiveness ratings (Exp. 1) and voice health ratings (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1 we show that although average attractiveness ratings for component (face or voice) and compound (face-voice) targets do not significantly change, following priming, the amount of variance accounted for by the component voice ratings in relation to the compound face-voice ratings, significantly increased, thereby removing face overshadowing. In Exp. 2 we show that whilst priming significantly shifts voice health judgements, relative to baseline, there is also a significant difference between priming the past environment (time of target stimulus collection) or the present environment (time of rating). The difference was such that priming the past produced a significantly smaller shift in voice ratings than priming the present. The findings from both experiments demonstrate that personal preference changes when pathogen load is perceived to be high, and that temporal information mediates this influence. These findings are consistent with a behavioural immune system hypothesis (e.g. Schaller & Duncan 2007)

Theory of superexchange in CuO2

Journal ArticleThe limit method allows exact analysis of low-lying electronic states in a strong-coupling model Cu02 plane. We extend it to nonorthogonal orbitals and fit to a t-t'-J model. The superexchange parameter is J = g32t*, with the unit of energy and g3 a lumped parameter