Hydrological connectivity inferred from diatom transport through the riparian-stream system

Funding for this research was provided by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) in the framework of the BIGSTREAM (C09/SR/14), ECSTREAM (C12/SR/40/8854) and CAOS (INTER/DFG/11/01) projects. We are most grateful to the Administration des Services Techniques de l’Agriculture (ASTA) for providing meteorological data. We also acknowledge Delphine Collard for technical assistance in diatom sample treatment and preparation, François Barnich for the water chemistry analyses, and Jean-François Iffly, Christophe Hissler, Jérôme Juilleret, Laurent Gourdol and Julian Klaus for their constructive comments on the project and technical assistance in the field.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Environmental Studies at Newton Lake, Illinois: Tasks 4, 5, and 7

ID: 8658; issued March 1, 1991INHS Technical Report prepared for Marathon Oil Compan

Development of cyclosporin A mediated immunity in L1210 leukaemia.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an effective modulator of multidrug resistance (MDR) in vitro and in murine tumour systems in vivo. We now report the production of immunity to L1210 leukaemia by the addition of CsA to VP-16 therapy of leukaemic BDF/1 mice. VP-16/cyclosporin A tumour immunity induction arises as a consequence of active therapy independently of immunisation with modified tumour cells. The addition of CsA to VP-16 prolongs survival of BDF/1 host mice bearing L1210 leukaemia beyond that produced by equivalent dose VP-16 alone. A subpopulation of 60-day surviving mice after combined VP-16/CsA are immune to rechallenge with the same leukaemia inoculum to which they were originally exposed. Spleen cells from immune mice adoptively transfer anti-L1210 leukaemia immunity to untreated BDF/1 mice in a dose dependent, statistically significant manner. Adoptive transfer experiments additionally suggest active recruitment of immunologic response in recipient animals: (1) We have been able to perpetuate leukaemia immunity in four sequential cohorts of naive recipient mice. This propogation of adoptive immunity is accomplished by use of spleen cells harvested from each preceeding passively-protected animal cohort; (2) Cyclophosphamide pretreatment of adoptive transfer recipient mice abrogates the ability of their splenocytes to perpetuate passive protection in sequential adoptive transfer experiments

"Ultralow" sliding wear polytetrafluoro ethylene nanocomposites with functionalized graphene

The dry friction and sliding wear behavior of sintered polytetrafluoro ethylene containing various amounts of functionalized graphene were studied in this work. Graphene was incorporated in 0, 0.25, 0.75, 1, 2 and 4 vol.%, respectively. Sliding wear tests were performed in ring(metal)-on-plate(polytetrafluoro ethylene) test rig under ambient temperature setting 1 m/s sliding speed and 1 MPa contact pressure. The dynamic coefficient of friction and specific wear rate (ws) data were determined. Very low coefficient of frictions (0.12–0.14) were measured for polytetrafluoro ethylene containing 2 or 4 vol.% graphene, which was attributed to the formation of a tribofilm on the countersurface. Specific wear rate went through a maximum (peaked at doubling that of the unmodified polytetrafluoro ethylene at about 0.75 vol.% graphene) as a function of graphene content. Ultralow wear rate data in the range of 10−6 mm3/(N.m) were measured for the polytetrafluoro ethylene nanocomposites with 2 and 4 vol.% graphene. This was reasoned by the formation of a robust tribofilm, the development of which was followed by scanning electron microscopy by inspecting the worn surface of polytetrafluoro ethylene nanocomposites and that of the steel ring of the ring(metal)-on-plate(polytetrafluoro ethylene) test rig. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic results confirmed the formation of carboxyl groups in the tribofilm. They were supposed to react with the functional groups of graphene and to create complexes with the metal countersurface ensuring the tribofilm with high adhesion and cohesion strengths. </jats:p

Close Pairs as Proxies for Galaxy Cluster Mergers

Galaxy cluster merger statistics are an important component in understanding the formation of large-scale structure. Unfortunately, it is difficult to study merger properties and evolution directly because the identification of cluster mergers in observations is problematic. We use large N-body simulations to study the statistical properties of massive halo mergers, specifically investigating the utility of close halo pairs as proxies for mergers. We examine the relationship between pairs and mergers for a wide range of merger timescales, halo masses, and redshifts (0<z<1). We also quantify the utility of pairs in measuring merger bias. While pairs at very small separations will reliably merge, these constitute a small fraction of the total merger population. Thus, pairs do not provide a reliable direct proxy to the total merger population. We do find an intriguing universality in the relation between close pairs and mergers, which in principle could allow for an estimate of the statistical merger rate from the pair fraction within a scaled separation, but including the effects of redshift space distortions strongly degrades this relation. We find similar behavior for galaxy-mass halos, making our results applicable to field galaxy mergers at high redshift. We investigate how the halo merger rate can be statistically described by the halo mass function via the merger kernel (coagulation), finding an interesting environmental dependence of merging: halos within the mass resolution of our simulations merge less efficiently in overdense environments. Specifically, halo pairs with separations less than a few Mpc/h are more likely to merge in underdense environments; at larger separations, pairs are more likely to merge in overdense environments.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures; Accepted for publication in ApJ. Significant additions to text and two figures changed. Added new findings on the universality of pair mergers and added analysis of the effect of FoF linking length on halo merger

The importance of zooplankton‐protozoan trophic couplings in Lake Michigan

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109824/1/lno19913671335.pd

Integrated Generation of High-dimensional Entangled Photon States and Their Coherent Control

We demonstrate the generation of high-dimensional entangled photon pairs with a Hilbert-space dimensionality larger than 100 from an on-chip nonlinear microcavity, and introduce a coherent control scheme using standard telecommunications components