A COBRANÇA INDEVIDA NAS RELAÇÕES DE CONSUMO: uma análise da sanção prevista em parágrafo único do art. 42 da lei nº. 8.078/90 à luz da boa-fé objetiva.

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.O presente trabalho de conclusão de curso se propõe a analisar e esmiuçar a temática da tão comum prática de cobrança indevida em relações de consumo; valendo-se, para tanto, da égide de diretrizes da boa-fé objetiva e seus deveres anexos, além dos primordiais princípios responsáveis por garantir o melhor equilíbrio e a proteção contratual de natureza consumerista. Promoveu-se a discussão a respeito de se caracterizar o engano justificável ou não quando presente conduta dolosa ou culposa por parte dos atores no contrato de consumo, na qual se usou de referenciais teóricos para, por meio da dedução, se possibilitar demonstrar, na presente pesquisa, que a aplicabilidade da sanção prevista em art. 42 do Código de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor prescinde de qualquer constatação de culpa ou má-fé na conduta do fornecedor de produtos e serviços, motivo por que somente se deve considerar como engano justificável a cobrança indevida decorrente de caso fortuito, força maior ou fato do príncipe. No desenvolvimento dos objetivos da pesquisa, concluiu-se que a aplicabilidade da referida sanção civil pode se ter caracterizada como espécie de Punitive Damages incorporada ao direito brasileiro, uma vez que se evidenciou seu caráter pedagógico punitivo, constituindo-se em excelente ferramenta de defesa do consumidor, em perfeita conformidade com os princípios da ordem econômica estatal, preestabelecidos na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988

Exploring Approaches for Blended Learning in Life Sciences

Digital tools and platforms offer new solutions to design and conduct university teaching. This case illustrates how such digital solutions may be utilized in problem-based learning programmes within life science educations. Specifically, the case evaluated the use of live-streamed and recorded lectures, the incorporation of digital formative assessment in lectures, and the use of a digital platform to support experimental project work in a research laboratory. We find that digital solutions provide flexibility for both lecturers and students, advantageous options for collecting and sharing information, and for engaging students in their learning process. However, digital tools cannot replace all aspects of traditional in-person teaching, such as social interactions. Rather, when blended with in-person teaching, digital solutions have a large potential for supporting new forms of and approaches to both theoretical and experimental university teaching

High molecular weight DNA extraction methods lead to high quality filamentous ascomycete fungal genome assemblies using Oxford Nanopore sequencing

During the last two decades, whole-genome sequencing has revolutionized genetic research in all kingdoms, including fungi. More than 1000 fungal genomes have been submitted to sequence databases, mostly obtained through second generation short-read DNA sequencing. As a result, highly fragmented genome drafts have typically been obtained. However, with the emergence of third generation long-read DNA sequencing, the assembly challenge can be overcome and highly contiguous assemblies obtained. Such attractive results, however, are extremely dependent on the ability to extract highly purified high molecular weight (HMW) DNA. Extraction of such DNA is currently a significant challenge for all species with cell walls, not least fungi. In this study, four isolates of filamentous ascomycetes (Apiospora pterospermum, Aspergillus sp. (subgen. Cremei), Aspergillus westerdijkiae, and Penicillium aurantiogriseum) were used to develop extraction and purification methods that result in HMW DNA suitable for third generation sequencing. We have tested and propose two straightforward extraction methods based on treatment with either a commercial kit or traditional phenol-chloroform extraction both in combination with a single commercial purification method that result in high quality HMW DNA from filamentous ascomycetes. Our results demonstrated that using these DNA extraction methods and coverage, above 75 x of our haploid filamentous ascomycete fungal genomes result in complete and contiguous assemblies

Engineering of microheterogeneity-resistant p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens

AbstractBy site-directed mutagenesis, Cys-116 was converted to Ser-116 in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.2) from Pseudomonas fluorescens. In contrast to wild-type enzyme, the C116S mutant is no longer susceptible to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and shows no reactivity towards 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate). Crystals of the C116S mutant are isomorphous with the crystal form of wild-type enzyme. A difference electron density confirms the mutation made