Parental Education and HPV Vaccination Intent

Abstract The human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for 99% of cervical cancers and a large number of cancers, including vulvar, vaginal, oropharyngeal, anal and penile cancers. An HPV vaccine was introduced in the United States in 2006, and is now recommended for males and females 9 to 26 years of age. The vaccine has been shown to be both safe and efficacious. Despite this, HPV vaccination rates remain low in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention only 60% of females and 56% of males age 9-17 years old have initiated the two- to three-dose series. The purpose of this project was to evaluate parental intent to vaccinate and vaccine uptake in age-appropriate children who have not received the HPV vaccine after brief educational intervention on HPV and HPV vaccine. A county health department in the Midwest region of the United States was the site for this educational project with a convenience sample of 20 individuals. Two registered nurses were educated on the project and were given a script, which highlighted the key points of an educational pamphlet from the CDC on the HPV virus and vaccination to review with parents. The outcomes were evaluated using the same three questions pre- and post-test. By providing education about the human papillomavirus to parents and increasing awareness regarding the importance of vaccination, the author anticipated increased intent to vaccinate and improved vaccination uptake within the participants. The pre-test indicated half of the parents surveyed (n=10) believed HPV to be the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection, while the remainder did not believe it was the most commoninfection. Most parents (n=16, 80%) did feel the vaccine was safe and effective. The same number of parents(n=16) were planning on vaccinating their children against HPV. The post-test demonstrated slightly more parents (n=12, 60%) believed that HPV was the most common disease after the educational intervention. After the educational intervention there was also a slight increase in parents (n=18) that believed the vaccine to be safe and planned on vaccinating their child. The author anticipated a more robust increase in both knowledge and intent to vaccinate after the educational intervention. In analyzing both the pre-test and post-test it appeared the majority of parents surveyed had knowledge of the vaccine and believed the vaccine to be safe prior to participating in the survey. Fewer parents (n=10) were unaware that HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Keywords: human papillomavirus, HPV, HPV vaccine, vaccine uptake, intent to vaccinat

A further analysis of the Verde River Watershed ecovalues: Working paper series--10-04

Located in central Arizona, the Verde River flows 170 miles through private property, state, tribal, and National Forest land. The river is the last remaining mostly free-flowing river in otherwise arid Arizona. The challenges facing the stakeholders of the river and its watershed are numerous and complex. The issues of population and industrial growth, drought and climate change all challenge the future of the watershed. As such it is necessary for the stakeholders of the watershed to gain an understanding of the importance (or lack thereof) of the watershed to their communities. Employing a data set created by West et al. (2009a and b), this study analyzes 35 interviews of stakeholders using a methodology developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA, 2003). This study conducts a strategic environmental assessment by evaluating the open ended responses with regard to how the watershed services correspond to human well being. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first application of the MEA tool to link ecosystem services to human well being. The Verde River watershed provides much more value to society in terms of contributing to human well-being than simply a source for water. The access to water for a variety of uses is vitally important to the stakeholders within the watershed; however, myriad other aspects of the watershed are also very important to the same stakeholders. As the possible threats to the Verde River and its watershed increase at an increasing rate, the stakeholders need to address these threats

Valuing the Verde River Watershed: An Assessment: Working Paper Series--09-03

This valuation study is designed to be the first phase of a larger series of studies to value the ecosystem services of the Verde River and its watershed. Interviews were conducted with 35 anonymous community leaders who live in, work with, or manage some aspect of the watershed (or a combination of the three). The interviews resulted in a large list of values for the watershed and provide a starting point for more studies. This report includes preliminary analysis of the data collected from these interviews, a brief literature review on ecosystem services, and recommendations for future research

Moving Through the Rocky Legal Terrain to Find a Safe Royalty Clause or a New Market at the Well

This Article will explore whether re-emergence of a market at the wellhead is legally viable considering judicial rulings related to the issue and specifically, whether such a development would be held to run afoul of the implied covenant to market. This Article will review the law of each state with potential for developing Marcellus and Utica Shale gas, while keeping in mind that some states have no law on the issue, again creating uncertainty because of the divergent rulings by other states\u27 courts. Finally, this Article will discuss the merits of completely abandoning the at the well approach to valuation for purposes of royalty calculation in new leases as the preferred way of avoiding litigation over this issue

Teachers, Partners, Co-Mentors: Collaborating to Improve Research and Writing Instruction

See presentation description

Effect of Provider Education on Urinary Incontinence Knowledge and Assessment

Nearly 50% of women in the United States will experience urinary incontinence at some point during their lives. Urinary incontinence impacts multiple aspects of a woman’s life, yet remains underdiagnosed by primary care providers. The Women’s Preventative Service Initiative released a recommendation in 2018 to screen all women annually for urinary incontinence. The recommendation was in response to the lack of women who seek care for urinary incontinence. The purpose of this project was to implement education and reminders for primary care providers, in order to improve urinary incontinence knowledge and assessment of women 18 years of age or older. The project was carried out in a primary care clinic with primary care providers serving as the participants. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was utilized. Data from a five question pre- and posttest were compared. An independent samples t-test, using a 95% confidence interval, was used to compare the pre- and posttest. Statistical significance (p-value Results indicate primary care providers who are educated about urinary incontinence in women demonstrate improved knowledge and assessment of the prevalent problem. Early intervention can soften the economic burden, improve quality of life, and improve treatment outcomes. Implementation of a urinary incontinence education program coupled with reminders can improve primary care knowledge and clinical decisions regarding urinary incontinence in women

Efficacy of alternative copper-based preservatives in protecting decking from biodegradation

The above-ground performance of decking treated with two alternative copper-based preservative formulations is being evaluated at a test site near Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Southern pine sapwood lumber specimens (38 mm by 140 mm by 910 mm) were pressure treated with 0,93 %, 1,40 % or 2,34 % (oxide basis) actives concentrations of a boron-copper formulation (BC) composed of 7,2 % copper hydroxide and 92,8 % sodium tetraborate decahydrate. Similar specimens were pressure-treated with 0,66 % or 1,32 % actives concentrations of a copper-zinc formulation (CZDP) composed of 18 % copper (CuO basis), 12 % zinc (ZnO basis), 14 % dimethylcocoamine and 56 % propanoic acid. In both cases untreated specimens and specimens treated with a 1% concentration of chromated copper arsenate Type C (CCA-C) were included for comparison.  The specimens were installed on racks approximately 760 mm above the ground and periodically evaluated for extent of fungal decay and surface microbial growth. After 18 years in test specimens treated with the lowest solution concentration of BC (0,93 %) suffered substantial degradation and all but three replicates have failed. Obvious decay has not yet been detected in specimens treated to the highest BC concentration (2,34 %), but decay is suspected in one of these specimens. Decking specimens treated with CZDP exhibited no evidence of decay until year 17 when a fruiting body was observed on one specimen treated with a 0,66 % solution concentration. There has been no evidence of decay in specimens treated with 1,32 % CZDP or in either set of specimens treated with 1 % CCA-C. Both BC and CZDP-treated specimens were at least as effective as 1 % CCA-C in minimizing noticeable surface microbial growth. These decking studies confirm that relatively low copper concentrations can provide substantial protection for decking exposed in a moderate climate, and that the CZDP formulation is potentially more effective than the BC formulation. However, caution is warranted in extrapolating these findings to more severe climates and to construction designs that are more likely to trap moisture