The twelve principles of CO2 Chemistry

This paper introduces a set of 12 Principles, based on the acronym CO2 CHEMISTRY, which are intended to form a set of criteria for assessing the viability of different processes or reactions for using CO2 as a feedstock for making organic chemicals. The principles aim to highlight the synergy of Carbon Dioxide Utilisation (CDU) with the components of green and sustainable chemistry as well as briefly pointing out the connection to the energy sector

Carbon Dioxide Utilisation -The Formate Route

UIDB/50006/2020 CEEC-Individual 2017 Program Contract.The relentless rise of atmospheric CO2 is causing large and unpredictable impacts on the Earth climate, due to the CO2 significant greenhouse effect, besides being responsible for the ocean acidification, with consequent huge impacts in our daily lives and in all forms of life. To stop spiral of destruction, we must actively reduce the CO2 emissions and develop new and more efficient “CO2 sinks”. We should be focused on the opportunities provided by exploiting this novel and huge carbon feedstock to produce de novo fuels and added-value compounds. The conversion of CO2 into formate offers key advantages for carbon recycling, and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) enzymes are at the centre of intense research, due to the “green” advantages the bioconversion can offer, namely substrate and product selectivity and specificity, in reactions run at ambient temperature and pressure and neutral pH. In this chapter, we describe the remarkable recent progress towards efficient and selective FDH-catalysed CO2 reduction to formate. We focus on the enzymes, discussing their structure and mechanism of action. Selected promising studies and successful proof of concepts of FDH-dependent CO2 reduction to formate and beyond are discussed, to highlight the power of FDHs and the challenges this CO2 bioconversion still faces.publishersversionpublishe

Continuous-Flow Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Pure Formic Acid using an Integrated scCO₂ Process with Immobilized Catalyst and Base

Doppelrolle für CO2: Reine Ameisensäure lässt sich aus CO2 und H2 kontinuierlich in einem integrierten Verfahren erhalten (siehe Schema). Dabei werden ein immobilisierter metallorganischer Rutheniumkomplex und eine nichtflüchtige Base in einer ionischen Flüssigkeit (IL) mit überkritischem (sc) CO2 kombiniert, das gleichzeitig als Reaktant und Extraktionsmittel fungiert

Performance Analysis of Professional, Semi-Professional and Junior Elite Rugby League Match-Play Using Global Positioning Systems

The aim of the present study was to examine positional differences in physical performance measures of professional, semi-professional and junior elite Rugby League match-play using portable Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Twelve professional, twelve semi-professional and eighteen junior elite male Rugby League players were monitored during five regular season competition matches using portable GPS software. The mean total distance travelled during professional (8371 +/- 897 m) and semi-professional (7277 +/- 734 m) match-play was significantly (p< 0.05) greater than elite junior (4646 +/- 978 m) match-play. Position specific total distance travelled and distance travelled per minute of playing time were significantly (p< 0.05) less for junior elite backs (5768 +/- 765 m; 74 +/- 11 m[middle dot]min-1) and forwards (4774 +/- 564 m; 82 +/- 5 m[middle dot]min-1) in comparison to professional (backs 8158 +/- 673 m; 101 +/- 8 m[middle dot]min-1, forwards 8442 +/- 812 m; 98 +/- 12 m[middle dot]min-1) and semi-professional (backs 7505 +/- 765 m; 94 +/- 8 m[middle dot]min-1, forwards 6701 +/- 678 m; 89 +/- 8 m[middle dot]min-1) match-play. Maximum running speed, maximum sprints and total sprint distance travelled by professional players were all significantly (p< 0.05) greater than junior elite player but not semi-professional players during match-play. Professional backs and forwards performed significantly (p< 0.05) more maximum sprints and travelled greater total distance during match-play in comparison to semi-professional and junior elite players. The present findings demonstrate minimal differences in the physical performance measures of professional and semi-professional Rugby League match-play. The position specific performance characteristics of junior elite match-play indicate current junior elite player development pathways may not provide adequate preparation for players transitioning into professional competition

Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals on the Management and Treatment of Advanced Ovarian Cancer in the UK:Results From the KNOW-OC Survey

AIMS: New treatment options for advanced ovarian cancer have the potential to significantly change the treatment pathway in the UK. Understanding the structures and responsibilities of multidisciplinary teams/tumour boards (MDT) and regional variations will enable services to adapt more effectively to these changes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The KNOW-OC survey was conducted in 2020 to understand the views of a selected group of 66 healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in advanced ovarian cancer care in UK hospitals.RESULTS: The results showed that MDT involvement in the management of advanced ovarian cancer varied depending on pathway stage and line of relapse, with 98.5% of HCPs responding that the MDT was involved in decisions at initial presentation, but only 40.9% for patients with multiple relapses. The MDT was mostly responsible for determining whether the patients would undergo primary or interval cytoreductive surgery according to 75.8% of respondents, and most HCPs (80.3%) stated that tumour dissemination patterns were the most important factor influencing this decision. The most commonly assessed biomarkers at the time of the survey were CA125, gBRCA and tBRCA. Homologous recombination deficiency was viewed as the second most important factor for determining prognosis, but few centres had access to testing at the time of survey completion. The use of active surveillance was expected to decrease in favour of first-line targeted therapies. Nearly all (98.5%) HCPs agreed there is a role for secondary cytoreductive surgery for the treatment of recurrence (for carefully selected patients).CONCLUSIONS: The results highlighted UK-specific geographical variation in the views of HCPs on MDT involvement and specific practices, such as molecular biomarker testing, and the overall treatment approach. Together, these findings improve the understanding of reported clinical practice across the UK for ovarian cancer and provide insight into decision-making associated with updates to recommendations for best practice (e.g. European Society for Medical Oncology/European Society of Gynaecological Oncology consensus statements) and the introduction of new treatment options.</p