Hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion via tensor sparsity regularization

Hyperspectral image (HSI) super-resolution scheme based on HSI and multispectral image (MSI) fusion has been a prevalent research theme in remote sensing. However, most of the existing HSI-MSI fusion (HMF) methods adopt the sparsity prior across spatial or spectral domains via vectorizing hyperspectral cubes along a certain dimension, which results in the spatial or spectral informations distortion. Moreover, the current HMF works rarely pay attention to leveraging the nonlocal similar structure over spatial domain of the HSI. In this paper, we propose a new HSI-MSI fusion approach via tensor sparsity regularization which can encode essential spatial and spectral sparsity of an HSI. Specifically, we study how to utilize reasonably the sparsity of tensor to describe the spatialspectral correlation hidden in an HSI. Then, we resort to an efficient optimization strategy based on the alternative direction multiplier method (ADMM) for solving the resulting minimization problem. Experimental results on Pavia University data verify the merits of the proposed HMF algorithm

2-Amino­terephthalic acid–4,4′-bipyridine (1/1)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C10H8N2·C8H7NO4, contains two half-mol­ecules, which constitute a 1:1 co-crystal. The 2-amino­terephthalic acid mol­ecule is situated on an inversion center being disordered between two orientations in a 1:1 ratio. In the 4,4′-bipyridine mol­ecule, which is situated on a twofold rotational axis, the two pyridine rings form a dihedral angle of 37.5 (1)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are held together via inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The crystal packing exhibits π–π inter­actions between the aromatic rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.722 (3) Å

Study on Multi-step Forming Paths for Double Curved Parts of 1561 Aluminium Alloy

Recently, corrosion-resistant 1561 aluminium alloy has been widely applied to the production of curved parts. However, the sheets of this material will generate a high amount of springback during multi-point forming, which means that a large amount of springback compensation is required. In this paper, four multi-step forming paths are designed to study the effect of forming paths on the multi-point forming results of double curved parts for 1561 aluminium alloy. Numerical simulation of the multi-step forming of curved sheets is carried out by ABAQUS finite element simulation software. The simulation results indicate that the 1561 aluminium alloy double curved parts produce poor situations such as wrinkling and low forming accuracy in single-step forming, while the accuracy improves significantly and the forming quality increases after four-step forming. Therefore, a four-step forming path was adopted for stamping tests on double curved parts. The results of the accuracy inspection of the formed parts by Gom-inspect demonstrate that the quality of the curved parts can be effectively improved by four-step forming, which has a certain significance in guiding the forming preparation of parts for engineering applications

Tetra­kis[(4-meth­oxy­carbon­yl)anilinium] hexa­chloridostannate(IV) dichloride

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C8H10NO2)4[SnCl6]Cl2, contains two (4-meth­oxy­carbon­yl)anilinium cations, one chloride anion and one half of a hexa­chlorido­stannate(IV) dianion situated on a twofold rotation axis. All aminium H atoms are involved in N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding, which consolidate the crystal packing along with weak C—H⋯O inter­actions

Total variation and Rank-1 constraint RPCA for background subtraction

Background subtraction (BS) in video sequences is a main research field, and the aim is to separate moving objects in the foreground from stationary background. Using the framework of schemes-based robust principal component analysis (RPCA), we propose a novel BS method employing the more refined prior representations for the static and dynamic components of the video sequences. Specifically, the rank-1 constraint is exploited to describe the strong low-rank property of background layer (temporal correlation of static component), and 3-D total variation measure and L 1 norm are used to model the spatial-temporal smoothness of foreground layer and sparseness of noise (dynamic component). This method introduces rank-1, smooth, and sparse properties into the RPCA framework for BS task, and it is dubbed TR1-RPCA. In addition, an efficient algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers is designed to solve the proposed BS model. Extensive experiments on simulated and real videos demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method

Nonlocal tensor sparse representation and low-rank regularization for hyperspectral image compressive sensing reconstruction

Hyperspectral image compressive sensing reconstruction (HSI-CSR) is an important issue in remote sensing, and has recently been investigated increasingly by the sparsity prior based approaches. However, most of the available HSI-CSR methods consider the sparsity prior in spatial and spectral vector domains via vectorizing hyperspectral cubes along a certain dimension. Besides, in most previous works, little attention has been paid to exploiting the underlying nonlocal structure in spatial domain of the HSI. In this paper, we propose a nonlocal tensor sparse and low-rank regularization (NTSRLR) approach, which can encode essential structured sparsity of an HSI and explore its advantages for HSI-CSR task. Specifically, we study how to utilize reasonably the l1 -based sparsity of core tensor and tensor nuclear norm function as tensor sparse and low-rank regularization, respectively, to describe the nonlocal spatial-spectral correlation hidden in an HSI. To study the minimization problem of the proposed algorithm, we design a fast implementation strategy based on the alternative direction multiplier method (ADMM) technique. Experimental results on various HSI datasets verify that the proposed HSI-CSR algorithm can significantly outperform existing state-of-the-art CSR techniques for HSI recovery

Evaluation of the Onset of Protective Immunity from Administration of a Modified-live, Non-adjuvanted Vaccine prior to Intranasal Challenge with Bovine Herpesvirus-1

Study objectives were to determine if subcutaneous administration of a modified-live, non-adjuvanted vaccine containing bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) at five, three, or two days pre-challenge, would reduce clinical signs, rectal temperatures, and viral shedding, and enhance serological response to BHV-1. Colostrumdeprived, neonatal calves (n = 48) were randomly assigned to six treatment groups, each containing eight calves. Treatment groups were based on administration of vaccine (VAC) or saline controls (CON) and day of administration (day -5, -3 or -2) relative to intranasal BHV-1 challenge (day 0). Following challenge, calves were monitored for clinical signs, rectal temperature, seroconversion, and quantity of BHV-1 recovered by virus isolation from nasal swabs. Data for the evaluation period (days 4-14) were analyzed using multivariable statistics. Day -5 and -3 VAC groups had fewer (P \u3c 0.05) days of clinical illness compared to CON. Rectal temperatures were lower (P \u3c 0.05) during days 4-8 for each of the VAC groups as compared to combined CON groups. CON calves shed BHV-1 for more days than calves vaccinated on day -5 (P \u3c 0.01), day -3 (P = 0.06), or day -2 (P = 0.06). Mean concentrations of nasal BHV-1 also differed (P \u3c 0.05) between combined CON groups and each of the VAC groups during at least one study day. Calves in the VAC groups (median = 10 days) seroconverted to BHV-1 (P \u3c 0.01) sooner than CON calves (median = 14 days). This study demonstrated that the use of a non-adjuvanted MLV vaccine in neonatal calves can reduce the effects of BHV-1 challenge soon after vaccination

Multiple interactive memory representations underlie the induction of false memory.

Theoretical and computational models such as transfer-appropriate processing (TAP) and global matching models have emphasized the encoding-retrieval interaction of memory representations in generating false memories, but relevant neural mechanisms are still poorly understood. By manipulating the sensory modalities (visual and auditory) at different processing stages (learning and test) in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott task, we found that the auditory-learning visual-test (AV) group produced more false memories (59%) than the other three groups (42∼44%) [i.e., visual learning visual test (VV), auditory learning auditory test (AA), and visual learning auditory test (VA)]. Functional imaging results showed that the AV group's proneness to false memories was associated with (i) reduced representational match between the tested item and all studied items in the visual cortex, (ii) weakened prefrontal monitoring process due to the reliance on frontal memory signal for both targets and lures, and (iii) enhanced neural similarity for semantically related words in the temporal pole as a result of auditory learning. These results are consistent with the predictions based on the TAP and global matching models and highlight the complex interactions of representations during encoding and retrieval in distributed brain regions that contribute to false memories

Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Surface‐Modified Metal Oxides for Catalytic Oxidation of Lean Methane

Palladium nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully deposited on surface‐modified metal oxides (mod‐ MOx, M = Hf, Ti, Zr, Ce, and Al) and applied as catalyst materials for lean methane combustion. It was found that the surface modification of support materials improved the light‐off performance of 1.0Pd/mod‐HfO2 (palladium catalyst supported on surface‐modified HfO2 with a content of 1.0 wt %), 1.0Pd/mod‐ZrO2, and 1.0Pd/mod‐CeO2, but lowered the purification efficiency of 1.0Pd/mod‐ TiO2 and 1.0Pd/mod‐Al2O3 when compared with their 1.0Pd/MOx counterparts. Over the bestperforming 1.0Pd/mod‐HfO2 material, 90% of methane was removed at 317 °C and a space velocity of 60 000 mL g–1 h–1, which was 120 °C lower than that required for the untreated 1.0Pd/HfO2 sample. Detailed characterization of representative HfO2‐related materials showed that the introduced silicon modifier materials, which existed as an amorphous phase covering the HfO2 surface, could improve the dispersion of palladium nanoparticles due to their steric confinement and strengthen the generation of surface‐adsorbed oxygen species via electron transfer. We believe that this surface modification strategy, which could promote the catalytic performance of palladium nanoparticles supported on other cost‐effective host materials as well, provides a feasible method for the design of methane combustion catalysts with excellent lowtemperature performance