Technique for experimental determination of radiation interchange factors in solar wavelengths

Process obtains solar heating data which support analytical design. Process yields quantitative information on local solar exposure of models which are geometrically and reflectively similar to prototypes under study. Models are tested in a shirtsleeve environment

Large Loops of Magnetic Current and Confinement in Four Dimensional U(1)U(1) Lattice Gauge Theory

We calculate the heavy quark potential from the magnetic current due to monopoles in four dimensional $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory. The magnetic current is found from link angle configurations using the DeGrand-Toussaint identification method. The link angle configurations are generated in a cosine action simulation on a $24^4$ lattice. The magnetic current is resolved into large loops which wrap around the lattice and simple loops which do not. Wrapping loops are found only in the confined phase. It is shown that the long range part of the heavy quark potential, in particular the string tension, can be calculated solely from the large, wrapping loops of magnetic current.Comment: 15 pages (Latex file plus 3 postscript files appended), Univeristy of Illinois Preprint ILL-(TH)-93-\#1

Monopoles contra vortices in SU(2) lattice gauge theory?

We show that the scenario of vortex induced confinement of center--projected SU(2) lattice gauge theory is not necessarily in conflict with the findings in the positive plaquette model.Comment: 3 pages, LaTeX, comment to be published in Phys. Rev.

Design study of Software-Implemented Fault-Tolerance (SIFT) computer

Software-implemented fault tolerant (SIFT) computer design for commercial aviation is reported. A SIFT design concept is addressed. Alternate strategies for physical implementation are considered. Hardware and software design correctness is addressed. System modeling and effectiveness evaluation are considered from a fault-tolerant point of view

String Tension from Monopoles in SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory

The axis for Figure 2 was wrong. It has been fixed and the postscript file replaced (The file was called comp.ps).Comment: (22 pages latex (revtex); 2 figures appended as postscript files - search for mono.ps and comp.ps. Figures mailed on request--send a note to [email protected]) Preprint ILL-(TH)-94-#1

A consensus building exercise to determine research priorities for silver trauma

Background Emergency care research into ‘Silver Trauma’, which is simply defined as major trauma consequent upon relatively minor injury mechanisms, is facing many challenges including that at present, there is no clear prioritisation of the issues. This study aimed to determine the top research priorities to guide future research. Methods This consensus-based prioritization exercise used a three-stage modified Delphi technique. The study consisted of an idea generating (divergent) first round, a ranking evaluation in the second round, and a (convergent) consensus meeting in the third round. Results A total of 20 research questions advanced to the final round of this study. After discussing the importance and clinical significance of each research question, five research questions were prioritised by the experts; the top three research priorities were: (1). What are older people’s preferred goals of trauma care? (2). Beyond the Emergency Department (ED), what is the appropriate combined geriatric and trauma care? (3). Do older adults benefit from access to trauma centres? If so, do older trauma patients have equitable access to trauma centre compared to younger adults? Conclusion The results of this study will assist clinicians, researchers, and organisations that are interested in silver trauma in guiding their future efforts and funding toward addressing the identified research priorities

Flux-tubes in three-dimensional lattice gauge theories

Flux-tubes in different representations of SU(2) and U(1) lattice gauge theories in three dimensions are measured. Wilson loops generate heavy ``quark-antiquark'' pairs in fundamental ($j=1/2$), adjoint ($j=1$), and quartet ($j=3/2$) representations of SU(2). The first direct lattice measurements of the flux-tube cross-section ${\cal A}_j$ as a function of representation are made. It is found that ${\cal A}_j \approx {\rm constant}$, to about 10\%. Results are consistent with a connection between the string tension $\sigma_j$ and ${\cal A}_j$ suggested by a simplified flux-tube model, $\sigma_j = g^2 j(j+1) / (2 {\cal A}_j)$ [$g$ is the gauge coupling], given that $\sigma_j$ scales like the Casimir $j(j+1)$, as observed in previous lattice studies in both three and four dimensions. The results can discriminate among phenomenological models of the physics underlying confinement. Flux-tubes for singly- and doubly-charged Wilson loops in compact QED$_3$ are also measured. It is found that the string tension scales as the squared-charge and the flux-tube cross-section is independent of charge to good approximation. These SU(2) and U(1) simulations lend some support, albeit indirectly, to a conjecture that the dual superconductor mechanism underlies confinement in compact gauge theories in both three and four dimensions.Comment: 15 pages (REVTEX 2.1). Figures: 11, not included (available by request from [email protected] by regular mail, postscript files, or one self-unpacking uuencoded file

London relation and fluxoid quantization for monopole currents in U(1) lattice gauge theory

We explore the analogy between quark confinement and the Meissner effect in superconductors. We measure the response of color-magnetic "supercurrents" from Dirac magnetic monopoles to the presence of a static quark-antiquark pair in four dimensional U(1) lattice gauge theory. Our results indicate that in the confined phase these currents screen the color-electric flux due to the quarks in an electric analogy of the Meisner effect. We show that U(1) lattice guage theory obeys both a dual London equation and an electric fluxoid quantization condition.Comment: LSUHEP-1-92 May 1992, 13 page