Infrared Optical Response of Metallic Graphene Nanoribbons

We investigate theoretically the infrared optical response characteristics of metallic armchair/zigzag-edge graphene nanoribbons (A/ZGNRs) to an external longitudinally polarized electromagnetic field at low temperatures. Within the framework of linear response theory at the perturbation regime, we examine the optical infrared absorption threshold energy, absorption power, dielectric function, and electron energy loss spectra near the neutrality points of the systems. It is demonstrated that, by some numerical examples, the photon-assisted direct interband absorptions for AGNR exist with different selection rules from those for ZGNR and single-walled carbon nanotube at infrared regime. This infrared optical property dependence of GNRs on field frequency may be used to design graphene-based nanoscale optoelectronic devices for the detection of infrared electromagnetic irradiations

Studi Pengetahuan Tentang Menstruasi Dengan Upaya Penanganan Dismenore Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi

. Dysmenorrhea is a condition of pain during menstruation experienced by women. There are heavy and light of menstruation pain, knowledge of menstruation disorder will determine of the dysmenorrhea holding efforts. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of knowledge about menstruation and dysmenorrhea holding efforts. The population of this study was all students of Biology Education 6th semester who are taking the course of Human Anatomy and Physiology, while samples were taken by purposive sampling, with the criteria of female students who experience dysmenorrhea. Data of knowledge about menstruation collected by a multiple choice test, whereas the holding of dysmenorrhea collected using questionnaires. Furthermore, the relationship of knowledge of menstruation and the holding of dysmenorrhea was analyzed by Product Moment. The results showed that the students with good knowledge of menstruation were 72.7%, insufficient knowledge were 27.3% and less knowledge were 0%. Dysmenorrhea treatment efforts are chosen by the students are varied, students who choose to pharmacological and non-pharmacological simultaneously is 2 ( 6.06% ) , non-pharmacological means only 31 people ( 93.94 % ) . Product moment correlation test results obtained rcount = 0.014 < rtable 0.05: 33 = 0.344, meaning there is no relationship between student knowledge about menstruation and preventing dysmenorrhea . The conclusion of this study are : a) the student\u27s knowledge about menstruation mostly categorized as good , b ) The handling of dysmenorrhea by students mostly by way of non-pharmacological; c ). Student knowledge about menstruation does not specify the handling of dysmenorrhe

Predominant and Substoichiometric Isomers of the Plastid Genome Coexist within Juniperus Plants and Have Shifted Multiple Times during Cupressophyte Evolution

Most land plant plastomes contain two copies of a large inverted repeat (IR) that promote high-frequency homologous recombination to generate isomeric genomic forms. Among conifer plastomes, this canonical IR is highly reduced in Pinaceae and completely lost from cupressophytes. However, both lineages have acquired short, novel IRs, some of which also exhibit recombinational activity to generate genomic structural diversity. This diversity has been shown to exist between, and occasionally within, cupressophyte species, but it is not known whether multiple genomic forms coexist within individual plants. To examine the recombinational potential of the novel cupressophyte IRs within individuals and between species, we sequenced the plastomes of four closely related species of Juniperus. The four plastomes have identical gene content and genome organization except for a large 36 kb inversion between approximately 250 bp IR containing trnQ-UUG. Southern blotting showed that different isomeric versions of the plastome predominate among individual junipers, whereas polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput read-pair mapping revealed the substoichiometric presence of the alternative isomeric form within each individual plant. Furthermore, our comparative genomic studies demonstrate that the predominant and substoichiometric arrangements of this IR have changed several times in other cupressophytes as well. These results provide compelling evidence for substoichiometric shifting of plastomic forms during cupressophyte evolution and suggest that substoichiometric shifting activity in plastid genomes may be adaptive

Predominant and Substoichiometric Isomers of the Plastid Genome Coexist within Juniperus Plants and Have Shifted Multiple Times during Cupressophyte Evolution

Abstract Most land plant plastomes contain two copies of a large inverted repeat (IR) that promote high-frequency homologous recombination to generate isomeric genomic forms. Among conifer plastomes, this canonical IR is highly reduced in Pinaceae and completely lost from cupressophytes. However, both lineages have acquired short, novel IRs, some of which also exhibit recombinational activity to generate genomic structural diversity. This diversity has been shown to exist between, and occasionally within, cupressophyte species, but it is not known whether multiple genomic forms coexist within individual plants. To examine the recombinational potential of the novel cupressophyte IRs within individuals and between species, we sequenced the plastomes of four closely related species of Juniperus. The four plastomes have identical gene content and genome organization except for a large 36 kb inversion between approximately 250 bp IR containing trnQ-UUG. Southern blotting showed that different isomeric versions of the plastome predominate among individual junipers, whereas polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput read-pair mapping revealed the substoichiometric presence of the alternative isomeric form within each individual plant. Furthermore, our comparative genomic studies demonstrate that the predominant and substoichiometric arrangements of this IR have changed several times in other cupressophytes as well. These results provide compelling evidence for substoichiometric shifting of plastomic forms during cupressophyte evolution and suggest that substoichiometric shifting activity in plastid genomes may be adaptive

The NF-kappa B inhibitor, celastrol, could enhance the anti-cancer effect of gambogic acid on oral squamous cell carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gambogic acid (GA) is a major active ingredient of gamboge, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has been reported to be a potent cytotoxic agent against some malignant tumors. Many studies have shown that the NF-kappa B signaling pathway plays an important role in anti-apoptosis and the drug resistance of tumor cells during chemotherapy. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of GA and the NF-kappa B inhibitor celastrol on oral cancer cells were investigated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Three human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, Tca8113, TSCC and NT, were treated with GA alone, celastrol alone or GA plus celastrol. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. The rate of apoptosis was examined with annexin V/PI staining as well as transmission electronic microscopy in Tca8113 cells. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines was determined by immunofluorescence assays and nuclear extracts and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) <it>in vitro</it>. To further investigate the role of NF-kappa B activity in GA and celastrol treatment in oral squamous cell carcinoma, we used the dominant negative mutant SR-IκBα to inhibit NF-kappa B activity and to observe its influence on the effect of GA.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that GA could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and that the NF-kappa B pathway was simultaneously activated by GA treatment. The minimal cytotoxic dose of celastrol was able to effectively suppress the GA-induced NF-kappa B pathway activation. Following the combined treatment with GA and the minimal cytotoxic dose of celastrol or the dominant negative mutant SR-IκBα, proliferation was significantly inhibited, and the apoptotic rate of Tca8113 cells was significantly increased.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The combination of GA and celastrol has a synergistic antitumor effect. The effect can be primarily attributed to apoptosis induced by a decrease in NF-kappa B pathway activation. The NF-kappa B signaling pathway plays an important role in this process. Therefore, combining GA and celastrol may be a promising modality for treating oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p

The designs of experiment I and II.

<p>The designs of experiment I and II.</p

Photosynthetic parameters, shoot reducing sugar, starch and total soluble sugar content of wheat plants in experiment II.

<p>Photosynthetic parameters, shoot reducing sugar, starch and total soluble sugar content of wheat plants in experiment II.</p

AM colonization, shoot dry weight, shoot N uptake, Pi uptake and AM hyphal length density in experiment I.

<p>AM colonization, shoot dry weight, shoot N uptake, Pi uptake and AM hyphal length density in experiment I.</p

AM colonization, shoot and root dry weight, shoot N and Pi uptake of wheat plants and hyphal length density in HCs in experiment II.

<p>AM colonization, shoot and root dry weight, shoot N and Pi uptake of wheat plants and hyphal length density in HCs in experiment II.</p