An Online Word Vector Generation Method Based on Incremental Huffman Tree Merging

Aiming at high real-time performance processing requirements for large amounts of online text data in natural language processing applications, an online word vector model generation method based on incremental Huffman tree merging is proposed. Maintaining the inherited word Huffman tree in existing word vector model unchanged, a new Huffman tree of incoming words is constructed and ensures that there is no leaf node identical to the inherited Huffman tree. Then the Huffman tree is updated by a method of node merging. Thus based on the existing word vector model, each word still has a unique encoding for the calculation of the hierarchical softmax model. Finally, the generation of incremental word vector model is realized by using neural network on the basis of hierarchical softmax model. The experimental results show that the method could realize the word vector model generation online based on incremental learning with faster time and better performance

Implications of MDCK cell heterogeneity in cell-based influenza vaccine production

Influenza is a global public health issue that causes serious illness with high mortality rate. Currently, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture-based influenza vaccine production moving up to the front as an inexorable trend for the substitution of egg-based vaccine production, owing to its high degree of flexibility and scalability. However, MDCK cells are a continuous cell line and comprise a heterogeneous pool of non-clonal cells that differ in morphological as well as functional features in influenza virus production. The impurity of cell population may lead to fugacious tendency in virus production, and long-term culture may bring potential risk of unstable viral production or vaccine quality as cells in MDCK subclonal population may encounter unexpected manifestation of chromosomal rearrangement, loss of the virus susceptibility, or reduction of the virus partials packaging capability during the culture. Although many details of the influenza virus life cycle have already been unraveled, little is known about the ability of subclones in virus infection, intracellular replication, and virus release during viral vaccine production process. With the widely utilizing of omics-based approaches and progressively accumulating of omics database, transcriptome profile analysis will be a powerful strategy to explore the mechanism of cell heterogeneity, providing great significance for the development of robust virus producing cell line and robust virus production process. This work aims to explore a deeper understanding on the MDCK cell heterogeneity used in influenza virus production. For this purpose, a MDCK cell line that has been extensively used in industrial production was subcloned and examined for the influenza virus productivity. The virus productivity spread over a wide range of more than 300-fold among different clones, which revealed large variations in their ability to produce progeny viruses. The high and low producer as well as parent cell population were expanded to explore the intracellular virus propagation process, and the expression levels of all the annotated genes were quantified across the different subclones using RNA-seq. The RT-qPCR results showed that the influenza virus RNA synthesis and virus release differed dramatically among subclones during a synchronized single-cycle infection. Pathway analysis performed on the genes indicated that most of the genes are not differentially expressed, but a few key cellular metabolic pathways are differentially expressed among the subclones, especially the genes related to the virus infection, replication and release. These results spurs further hypothesis to improve our mechanistic understanding of cell line stability and virus propagation process, which will have significant impact on rationalizing cell line development of viral vaccine producing mammalian cells

Focused electron-beam-induced deposition for fabrication of highly durable and sensitive metallic AFM-IR probes

We report on the fabrication of metallic, ultra-sharp atomic force microscope tips for localized nanoscale infrared (IR) spectrum measurements by using focused electron-beam-induced deposition of platinum or tungsten. The tip length can be controlled by changing the duration time of the electron beam. Probes of 12.0 ± 5.0 nm radius-of-curvature can be routinely produced with high repeatability and near-100% yield. The near-field-enhancement appears stronger at the extremity of the metallic tip, compared with commercial pristine silicon-nitride probe tip. Finally, the performance of the modified metallic tips is demonstrated by imaging PVDF and PMMA thin films, which shows that spatial resolution is greatly enhanced. In addition, the signal intensity of the localized nanoscale IR spectrum is increased offering greater sensitivity for chemical IR imaging

Possible origin of Triticum petropavlovskyi based on cytological analyses of crosses between T. petropavlovskyi and tetraploid, hexaploid, and synthetic hexaploid (SHW-DPW) wheat accessions

Intraspecific hybridization between Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch., synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW-DPW), and tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, was performed to collect data on seed set, fertility of F1 hybrid, and meiotic pairing configuration, aiming to evaluate the possible origin of T. petropavlovskyi. Our data showed that (1) seed set of crosses T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring was significantly high; (2) fertility of hybrids T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense was higher than that of the other hybrids; (3) fertility of F1 hybrids SHW-DPW × T. dicoccoides and SHW-DPW×T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum was significantly high; and (4) c-value of T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum cv. Changning white wheat was also significantly high. The results indicate that the probable origin of T. petropavlovskyi is divergence from a natural cross between T. aestivum and T. polonicum, via either spontaneous introgression or breeding effort

BIM supported collaborative design and application for waterway infrastructure

Collaborative design is the core element for BIM implementation, this paper introduces an Autodesk based cloud platform, which integrates different technologies, software, component library and functions extension, to conduct complex design collaboratively with high efficiency. An extension project in Chongqing harbour is used as a case study to demonstrate the easy use and practicability of the developed platform, including 3D terrain modelling / geology modelling, collaboration, pipeline layout, clash detection, structural analysis and so on

BIM supported collaborative design and application for waterway infrastructure

Collaborative design is the core element for BIM implementation, this paper introduces an Autodesk based cloud platform, which integrates different technologies, software, component library and functions extension, to conduct complex design collaboratively with high efficiency. An extension project in Chongqing harbour is used as a case study to demonstrate the easy use and practicability of the developed platform, including 3D terrain modelling / geology modelling, collaboration, pipeline layout, clash detection, structural analysis and so on