2,231 research outputs found
Biochar-amended potting medium reduces the susceptibility of rice to root-knot nematode infections
Background: Biochar is a solid coproduct of biomass pyrolysis, and soil amended with biochar has been shown to enhance the productivity of various crops and induce systemic plant resistance to fungal pathogens. The aim of this study was to explore the ability of wood biochar to induce resistance to the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne graminicola in rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) and examine its histochemical and molecular impact on plant defense mechanisms.
Results: A 1.2 % concentration of biochar added to the potting medium of rice was found to be the most effective at reducing nematode development in rice roots, whereas direct toxic effects of biochar exudates on nematode viability, infectivity or development were not observed. The increased plant resistance was associated with biochar-primed H2O2 accumulation as well as with the transcriptional enhancement of genes involved in the ethylene (ET) signaling pathway. The increased susceptibility of the Ein2b-RNAi line, which is deficient in ET signaling, further confirmed that biochar-induced priming acts at least partly through ET signaling.
Conclusion: These results suggest that biochar amendments protect rice plants challenged by nematodes. This priming effect partially depends on the ET signaling pathway and enhanced H2O2 accumulation
Structure formation in binary colloids
A theoretical study of the structure formation observed very recently [Phys.
Rev. Lett. 90, 128303 (2003)] in binary colloids is presented. In our model
solely the dipole-dipole interaction of the particles is considered,
electrohidrodynamic effects are excluded. Based on molecular dynamics
simulations and analytic calculations we show that the total concentration of
the particles, the relative concentration and the relative dipole moment of the
components determine the structure of the colloid. At low concentrations the
kinetic aggregation of particles results in fractal structures which show a
crossover behavior when increasing the concentration. At high concentration
various lattice structures are obtained in a good agreement with experiments.Comment: revtex, 4 pages, figures available from authors due to size problem
RETRACTED: Correlations of ÎČ-catenin, Ki67 and Her-2/neu with gastric cancer
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).This article has been retracted at the request of the editor as the authors have plagiarized part of a paper that had already appeared in Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui (2014, volume 49, issue 2, Pg:258â261, the link in CNKI: http://www.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx, the website of the Journal: http://www.aydxb.cn/publist.asp?second_id=2005). One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process
Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of L-3-n-butylphthalide tablet after single and multiple oral administrations in healthy Chinese volunteers
L-3-n-butylphthalide (L-NBP) is a naturally occurring antioxidant, which can be used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and vascular dementia. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of L-NBP tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-dose study. Subjects were assigned to receive a single dose of L-NBP tablet at either 80, 160, 320, or 480 mg (n=40), or multiple doses of 160 mg twice daily for 7 days (n=12). Plasma samples were analyzed with LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters of L-NBP were calculated using non-compartmental analysis with WinNonlin software. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. All adverse events (AEs) were mild and of limited duration; AEs in this study occurred less frequently and more mildly than AEs listed for the DL-NBP soft capsule. No serious adverse event (SAE), death or withdrawal from the study was observed. In the single-dose study, Cmax was reached at about 1 h, and the mean t1/2 was approximately 13.76 h. Area under curve (AUC) and Cmax increased with dose escalation, but dose proportionality was not observed over the range of 160 to 480 mg. In the multiple-dose study, the steady-state was reached within 3 days with slight accumulation. In summary, the L-NBP tablet was well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. Slight accumulation appeared after repeated doses.L-3-n-butilftalida (L-NMP) Ă© um antioxidante natural, que pode ser utilizado para o tratamento do acidente isquĂȘmico agudo e demĂȘncia vascular. Este estudo avaliou segurança, tolerĂąncia e farmacocinĂ©tica de comprimidos de L-NBP em chineses voluntĂĄrios sadios. Este foi um estudo monocĂȘntrico, randomizado, duplo cego, com controle por placebo e doses Ășnica e mĂșltipla. Os indivĂduos receberam dose Ășnica de comprimido de L-NBP de 80, 160, 320 ou 480 mg (n=40) e doses mĂșltiplas de 160 mg duas vezes ao dia, por sete dias (n=12). Amostras de plasma foram analisadas com LC-MS/MS. Os parĂąmetros farmacocinĂ©ticos do L-NBP foram calculados utilizando anĂĄlise nĂŁo compartimental, com o programa WinNonlin. A anĂĄlise estatĂstica foi realizada utilizando-se o programa SPSS. Todos os eventos adversos (EAs) foram moderados e de duração limitada. EAs nesse estudo ocorreram menos frequentemente e mais moderadamente do que os EAs relacionados para cĂĄpsulas moles de DL-NBP. NĂŁo se observaram eventos adversos graves (EAG), morte ou abandono do estudo. Com dose Ășnica, atingiu-se o Cmax em cerca de 1 hora e o t1/2 mĂ©dio foi de, aproximadamente, 13,76 h. A ĂĄrea sob a curva (ASC) e o Cmax aumentaram com o aumento da dose, mas nĂŁo se observou proporcionalidade na faixa acima de 160 a 480 mg. No estudo de dose mĂșltipla, o equilĂbrio foi alcançado em trĂȘs dias, com pequeno acĂșmulo. Em resumo, o comprimido de L-NMP foi bem tolerado em indivĂduos chineses saudĂĄveis. O acĂșmulo pequeno apareceu apĂłs doses repetidas
Ultra-high-speed coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy with a hybrid dual-comb source
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy with time-delayed
ultrashort pulses and a single-pixel photodetector has shown great potential
for spectroscopic imaging and transient studies in chemistry and biological
research. However, those systems rely on mechanical delay lines or two
asynchronous optical combs with inflexible repetition frequencies, technically
limiting their acquisition speeds. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid dual-comb CARS
system involving a broadband fiber laser and a highly-flexible,
frequency-modulated electro-optic comb. We achieve multiplex CARS spectra
(2800-3200 cm-1), with a moderate resolution (22 cm-1), at a maximum refresh
rate of 1 MHz, limited by the radio-frequency synthesizer we use. Fast
spectroscopic CARS imaging is demonstrated for liquid mixtures. Our system
enables spectral measurements in the high-wavenumber C-H stretching region at a
record speed that is an order of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art
systems, which may open up new opportunities for fast chemical sensing and
imaging.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure
Crowd3D: Towards Hundreds of People Reconstruction from a Single Image
Image-based multi-person reconstruction in wide-field large scenes is
critical for crowd analysis and security alert. However, existing methods
cannot deal with large scenes containing hundreds of people, which encounter
the challenges of large number of people, large variations in human scale, and
complex spatial distribution. In this paper, we propose Crowd3D, the first
framework to reconstruct the 3D poses, shapes and locations of hundreds of
people with global consistency from a single large-scene image. The core of our
approach is to convert the problem of complex crowd localization into pixel
localization with the help of our newly defined concept, Human-scene Virtual
Interaction Point (HVIP). To reconstruct the crowd with global consistency, we
propose a progressive reconstruction network based on HVIP by pre-estimating a
scene-level camera and a ground plane. To deal with a large number of persons
and various human sizes, we also design an adaptive human-centric cropping
scheme. Besides, we contribute a benchmark dataset, LargeCrowd, for crowd
reconstruction in a large scene. Experimental results demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed method. The code and datasets will be made
public.Comment: 8 pages (not including reference
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