A eficácia de professores de inglês e da Common Core (CCSS)

Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and teacher effectiveness are among the most contentious issues in education today. With an increase in English language learners (ELLs) and the rigorous requirements imposed by the CCSS, teachers are left unprepared and ELLs struggle to stay afloat. Using California as a case study, this research synthesis outlines the current problem, which includes the complexity of the CCSS, the achievement gap between ELLs and their peers, and ill-equipped teachers. In addition, present-day efforts to alleviate such difficulties like the revised World Language: English Language Development credential and multicultural training are outlined. Based on our review, we recommend targeted policy changes, which include preservice teachers’ participation in extensive fieldwork with ELLs, in-service teachers’ comprehensive professional development connected to practice, as well as a systematic evaluation process to measure ELL teacher effectiveness.El Common Core (CCSS) y la efectividad de los maestros se encuentran entre los temas más polémicos de la educación hoy en día. Con un aumento en los estudiantes de inglés (ELLs) y los requisitos severos propuestos por la CCSS, los maestros se encuentran mal preparados y los ELLs luchan para sostenerse a flote. Usando California como estudio de caso, esta síntesis de investigación resume el problema actual, que incluye la complejidad de la CCSS, la diferencia de rendimiento entre los ELL y sus compañeros, y los maestros mal equipados. Además, se describen los esfuerzos actuales para aliviar dificultades, como la credencial revisada del Idioma Mundial: Desarrollo del Aprendizaje Inglés y entrenamiento multicultural. Basándonos en nuestro análisis, recomendamos cambios de pólizas específicas, que incluyen la participación de los maestros y profesores en el ámbito con ELLs, el desarrollo profesional integral de los maestros en servicio conectado con la práctica, así como un proceso sistemático de evaluación para medir la efectividad de los maestros.  O Common Core (CCSS) e a eficácia dos professores estão entre as questões mais controversas na educação hoje. Com um aumento de alunos línguas Inglês (ELL) e severas exigências propostas pela CCSS, os professores são mal preparados e ELLs luta para manter à tona. Usando a Califórnia como um estudo de caso, esta síntese pesquisa resume o problema actual, incluindo a complexidade da CCSS, a diferença de desempenho entre ELLs e seus companheiros, e professores mal equipadas. Além disso, os atuais esforços para aliviar as dificuldades são descritos como a revista credencial Mundo Idioma: Inglês Desenvolvimento Aprendizagem e formação multicultural. Com base em nossa análise, recomendamos alterações de políticas específicas, incluindo a participação de professores no campo com ELLs, desenvolvimento profissional abrangente de professores em serviço ligado com um processo de avaliação sistemática prática e medir eficácia do professor

A Study of Retrieval Success with Original Works of Art Comparing the Subject Index Terms Provided by Experts in Art Museums With Those Provided By Novice and Intermediate Indexers

This paper compares the retrieval success of terms for searching online art museum collections of two different origins: the use of terms that are the natural byproducts of curatorial processes and those provided by volunteer gallery teachers and students. The terms used by scholars and gallery teachers obtained the best retrieval, with approximately 15% of terms successfully retrieving the desired work. Little successful application of the terms available in the Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) or of the terms used by scholars was seen in the online museum collections. Overall, the terms supplied by study participants had poor retrieval success. Application of additional index terms describing the basic elements, materials and colors featured in the works and terms from the AAT could improve retrieval

Segmentation of image ensembles via latent atlases

Spatial priors, such as probabilistic atlases, play an important role in MRI segmentation. However, the availability of comprehensive, reliable and suitable manual segmentations for atlas construction is limited. We therefore propose a method for joint segmentation of corresponding regions of interest in a collection of aligned images that does not require labeled training data. Instead, a latent atlas, initialized by at most a single manual segmentation, is inferred from the evolving segmentations of the ensemble. The algorithm is based on probabilistic principles but is solved using partial differential equations (PDEs) and energy minimization criteria. We evaluate the method on two datasets, segmenting subcortical and cortical structures in a multi-subject study and extracting brain tumors in a single-subject multi-modal longitudinal experiment. We compare the segmentation results to manual segmentations, when those exist, and to the results of a state-of-the-art atlas-based segmentation method. The quality of the results supports the latent atlas as a promising alternative when existing atlases are not compatible with the images to be segmented.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.)/National Alliance for Medical Image Computing (U.S.) U54-EB005149)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Center for Research Resources (U.S.)/Neuroimaging Analysis Center (U.S.) P41-RR13218)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U.S.) R01-NS051826)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Center for Research Resources (U.S.)/Biomedical Informatics Research Network U24-RR021382)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CAREER Award 0642971)German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (Fellowship LPDS 2009-10)Academy of Finland (Grant 133611

Genetic Variants Associated With Vincristine‐Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Two Populations of Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149215/1/cpt1324_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149215/2/cpt1324.pd

Cassette Notes

https://orc.library.atu.edu/atu_cass065/1013/thumbnail.jp

A Metabolomics Approach for Early Prediction of Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

Vincristine is a core chemotherapeutic drug administered to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Despite its efficacy in treating leukemia, it can lead to severe peripheral neuropathy in a subgroup of the patients. Peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating and painful side-effect that can severely impact an individual’s quality of life. Currently, there are no established predictors of peripheral neuropathy incidence during the early stage of chemotherapeutic treatment. As a result, patients who are not susceptible to peripheral neuropathy may receive sub-therapeutic treatment due to an empirical upper cap on the dose, while others may experience severe neuropathy at the same dose. Contrary to previous genomics based approaches, we employed a metabolomics approach to identify small sets of metabolites that can be used to predict a patient’s susceptibility to peripheral neuropathy at different time points during the treatment. Using those identified metabolites, we developed a novel strategy to predict peripheral neuropathy and subsequently adjust the vincristine dose accordingly. In accordance with this novel strategy, we created a free user-friendly tool, VIPNp, for physicians to easily implement our prediction strategy. Our results showed that focusing on metabolites, which encompasses both genotypic and phenotypic variations, can enable early prediction of peripheral neuropathy in pediatric leukemia patients

Obesity as a Potential Risk Factor for Vincristine Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Vincristine is a core chemotherapeutic agent for patients with ALL; unfortunately, approximately 78% will develop vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN). VIPN can result in vincristine dose reductions that decrease therapeutic efficacy: making it important to understand which children are at highest risk for VIPN. We hypothesized that pediatric ALL patients who were obese at diagnosis would develop worse VIPN than healthy weight children with ALL within the first year. Our results confirmed that obese pediatric patients have significantly (p=0.03) worse VIPN than patients of healthy weight

People of the British Isles: preliminary analysis of genotypes and surnames in a UK control population

There is a great deal of interest in fine scale population structure in the UK, both as a signature of historical immigration events and because of the effect population structure may have on disease association studies. Although population structure appears to have a minor impact on the current generation of genome-wide association studies, it is likely to play a significant part in the next generation of studies designed to search for rare variants. A powerful way of detecting such structure is to control and document carefully the provenance of the samples involved. Here we describe the collection of a cohort of rural UK samples (The People of the British Isles), aimed at providing a well-characterised UK control population that can be used as a resource by the research community as well as providing fine scale genetic information on the British population. So far, some 4,000 samples have been collected, the majority of which fit the criteria of coming from a rural area and having all four grandparents from approximately the same area. Analysis of the first 3,865 samples that have been geocoded indicates that 75% have a mean distance between grandparental places of birth of 37.3km, and that about 70% of grandparental places of birth can be classed as rural. Preliminary genotyping of 1,057 samples demonstrates the value of these samples for investigating fine scale population structure within the UK, and shows how this can be enhanced by the use of surnames

Le Forum, Vol. 44 #3

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1105/thumbnail.jp