The Effect of General Anesthesia on Acupuncture: A Functional MRI Study

We performed a study to examine brain activity as assessed by functional-MRI when acupuncture is administered to awake volunteers as compared to acupuncture administered to volunteers under general anesthesia. Healthy, acupuncture-naive volunteers were recruited for this cross-over study. Volunteers underwent two experimental sessions that included a sequence of 4-20 seconds of on and off manual acupuncture stimulation for a period of 3 minutes while awake and while under propofol general anesthesia. The acupuncture intervention was performed at left stomach 36. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol. BOLD signal images were obtained in a 1.5 T MRI scanner in both experimental conditions. The primary single subject analysis for each study utilized a GLM to examine the response to the stimulus, and a spatially varying autoregressive model for the temporal errors. f-MRI imaging obtained during acupuncture stimulation in awake volunteers revealed: (1) Activation foci at bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, hypothalamus, contralateral substantia nigra, nucleus accumbens, bilateral hippocampal formations, and bilateral superior colliculi; (2) Deactivations at bilateral posterior lobes of cerebellum and contralateral posterior temple lobe. In contrast, f-MRI imaging obtained during acupuncture stimulation in volunteers under general anesthesia revealed: (1) Activation foci at the limbic orbitofrontal cortex, ipsilateral putamen, contralateral temple lobe and bilateral primary visual cortices; (2) Deactivation at the ipsilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortices. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences at the following areas: ipsilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, hypothalamus, posterior lateral thalamus, and contralateral head of caudate (p\u3c0.005). We found significant differences in brain f-MRI images when comparing acupuncture while awake to acupuncture given under propofol general anesthesia

The experiences of women as Latinx osteopathic medical students

In existing literature, researchers have predominantly examined issues related to minoritized groups by juxtaposing differences and outcomes among groups without attention to the diversity of experiences, challenges and strengths. This has had a limiting focus on the experiences specific to women as Latinx medical students, and has created a gap which restricts knowledge about experiences of perceived support and barriers within osteopathic medical school. This research provided an opportunity to think more deeply and critically about the experiences for women as Latinx osteopathic medical students. The data collected in this qualitative phenomenological study was gathered from participants as they narrated their story, in their way, from their perspective. Rooted in the participants narratives are anecdotes in which they demonstrate abilities to leverage their power and resources in ways that are often unaccounted for in research and academic medicine. It is through these narratives that participants\u27 everyday resistance and agency were made visible. This study is offered as evidence of how strength-based frameworks can make visible the power of women as Latinx osteopathic medical students in their advocacy for well-being and health equity of the patients they serve

Protecting America First: Deporting Aliens Associated with Designated Terrorist Organizations That Have Committed Terrorism in America in the Face of Actual Threats to National Security

In light of the devastation and destruction caused by the September 11th attacks and the remaining imminent threat of more attacks in this country, this Note proposes legislation that would provide for removal of aliens who are merely associated with a known terrorist organization that has committed acts of terrorism in the United States. Part II outlines the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) legislation in effect at the time of the attacks and the rationale behind prohibiting deportation for mere association with a known terrorist organization. Part III discusses newly enacted legislation strengthening deportation laws, which do not go as far as to allow for removal under the proposed circumstances. Part IV traces the historical protection of aliens\u27 right to associate and examines the existence of conflicting views about how to approach judicial review of immigration legislation Part V presents the argument that aliens should not be given constitutional protection of the freedom to associate with a known terrorist organization that has acted in the United States, and even if aliens deserve that protection, the interest of protecting national security outweighs any constitutional issues. This section also explores and rebuts criticism about the proposed legislation. Part VI concludes that enacting such legislation is necessary to uphold the interest of national security in the face of actual, imminent threats of more terrorist acts against this country

Protecting America First: Deporting Aliens Associated with Designated Terrorist Organizations That Have Committed Terrorism in America in the Face of Actual Threats to National Security

In light of the devastation and destruction caused by the September 11th attacks and the remaining imminent threat of more attacks in this country, this Note proposes legislation that would provide for removal of aliens who are merely associated with a known terrorist organization that has committed acts of terrorism in the United States. Part II outlines the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) legislation in effect at the time of the attacks and the rationale behind prohibiting deportation for mere association with a known terrorist organization. Part III discusses newly enacted legislation strengthening deportation laws, which do not go as far as to allow for removal under the proposed circumstances. Part IV traces the historical protection of aliens\u27 right to associate and examines the existence of conflicting views about how to approach judicial review of immigration legislation Part V presents the argument that aliens should not be given constitutional protection of the freedom to associate with a known terrorist organization that has acted in the United States, and even if aliens deserve that protection, the interest of protecting national security outweighs any constitutional issues. This section also explores and rebuts criticism about the proposed legislation. Part VI concludes that enacting such legislation is necessary to uphold the interest of national security in the face of actual, imminent threats of more terrorist acts against this country

Book Theft and Book Mutilation in a Large Urban University Library

published or submitted for publicatio

Adherence to Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) affects approximately 1% of children and may predispose a child with a bladder infection to develop pyelonephritis and renal scarring. To prevent these potential sequelae, one accepted treatment option for VUR includes low-dose continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) to maintain urine sterility until the condition resolves. Despite the widespread use of CAP, little data exists regarding adherence to long-term antibiotic therapy. Not only will poor adherence to CAP potentially preclude the intended benefit, but also nonadherence with antibiotic regimens may carry untoward effects including unnecessary treatment changes for presumed antibiotic failure, emergence of resistant organisms, and compromised clinical trial outcomes. We present an overview of medication adherence in children with VUR, discuss possible consequences of nonadherence to antibiotic prophylaxis, and suggest ways to improve adherence. We raise awareness of issues related to nonadherence relevant to healthcare providers, investigators, and the community

The possibility of a metal insulator transition in antidot arrays induced by an external driving

It is shown that a family of models associated with the kicked Harper model is relevant for cyclotron resonance experiments in an antidot array. For this purpose a simplified model for electronic motion in a related model system in presence of a magnetic field and an AC electric field is developed. In the limit of strong magnetic field it reduces to a model similar to the kicked Harper model. This model is studied numerically and is found to be extremely sensitive to the strength of the electric field. In particular, as the strength of the electric field is varied a metal -- insulator transition may be found. The experimental conditions required for this transition are discussed.Comment: 6 files: kharp.tex, fig1.ps fig2.ps fi3.ps fig4.ps fig5.p

Support for a Tax-Time Savings Policy: Interest in Deferring Tax Refunds With Matched Incentives

Support for a Tax-Time Savings Policy: Interest in Deferring Tax Refunds With Matched Incentive

The Volunteer Income Tax Preparer\u27s Toolkit: Showing Clients Why Tax Time Is the Right Time to Save

The Volunteer Income Tax Preparer\u27s Toolkit: Showing Clients Why Tax Time Is the Right Time to Sav