The application of remote sensing technology to the solution of problems in the management of resources in Indiana

The author has identified the following significant results. Of the sampling techniques considered, a combination soil mapping and area sampling offered the most practical method for gathering soils data. Using the dot grid count, a relative percentage composition of soils can be calculated for each spectral class. From these percentages, a legend describing the dominant soils and inclusions can be developed. Interval drainage class seemed to be correlated with magnitude. For every parent material area, the more poorly drained soils had a lower magnitude of reflectance. Soil spectral classes seemed to be predominantly one internal drainage class

Application of remote sensing technology to the solution of problems in the management of resources in Indiana

The author has identified the following significant results. The Lydick, South Bend West, South Bend East, and Osceola quadrangles were successfully classified into twenty-six cover types with a high degree of accuracy. The ability of this computer-assisted classification system to delineate various stages of urban development, from heavy industry to new suburban development, was of particular interest to the planning commission. The classification is clearly more beneficial than the existing agricultural soils and topographic maps, because it shows the current ground cover conditions all on one map. It shows how an area is developing along with the specific type and location of new development. The classification also shows at a glance whether development is taking place in an area suitable for development or if growth is taking place in prime agricultural land, areas of poor foundation material, or other places where development is not desirable

Application of remote sensing technology to the solution of problems in the management of resources in Indiana

The author has identified the following significant results. Twenty-eight quarter sections were mapped, representing a total area of 4480 acres or approximately 1.25% of the county. Soil series were not consistently separated on a countywide basis. When internal drainage and parent materials were ascertained, a soil series could be predicted. Each soil spectral class represented one predominant drainage class with minor inclusions of other drainage classes. The same is true with conventional field mapping units that also contain minor inclusions of other drainage classes. Most wetlands could be identified in the LANDSAT classification. There appeared to be some confusion in distinguishing between different wetland types and between some wetland and upland cover types

The Application of Remote Sensing Technology to the Solution of Problems in the Management of Resources in Indiana

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Quantification of soil mapping by digital analysis of LANDSAT data

Soil survey mapping units are designed such that the dominant soil represents the major proportion of the unit. At times, soil mapping delineations do not adequately represent conditions as stated in the mapping unit descriptions. Digital analysis of LANDSAT multispectral scanner (MSS) data provides a means of accurately describing and quantifying soil mapping unit composition. Digital analysis of LANDSAT MSS data collected on 9 June 1973 was used to prepare a spectral soil map for a 430-hectare area in Clinton County, Indiana. Fifteen spectral classes were defined, representing 12 soil and 3 vegetation classes. The 12 soil classes were grouped into 4 moisture regimes based upon their spectral responses; the 3 vegetation classes were grouped into one all-inclusive class

Correlation of Spectral Classes Derived from Landsat MSS Data to Soil Series and Soil Conditions for Jasper County, Indiana

The process of soil survey has been an on-going program in the United States since the early 1930\u27s with aerial photography greatly increasing the speed and accuracy of the survey. Recent innovations in remote sensing techniques have offered the soil scientist a tool to aid in surveying the soils of this country and the world. Recent work utilizing computer-aided analysis of Landsat MSS data resulted in a spectral soils map of Jasper County, Indiana. This map displayed fifty-two spectral classes which represented the soils found within six distinct parent material areas. A correlation of the spectral classes with the soils and soil conditions was achieved by inventorying soils on twenty-eight 160-acre randomly chosen sites. The soils data and spectral data were manually overlaid and a dot grid count was made to determine the relative percentages of soils within each spectral class. From these percentages a descriptive legend was developed identifying the dominant soils represented by the spectral class as well as soils that represent significant inclusions. In addition to developing a legend for each spectral class, various factors involved in the analysis and interpretation of remotely sensed data for soil survey were identified. These factors included: soil-vegetation complexes, crusting of the surface soil, subhorizon exposure, soil surface moisture, organic matter content, texture, and free sand on the surface. Of these, soil-vegetation complexes presented the most widespread problem in interpreting the spectral data. The other factors all altered the spectral response of the soil to some degree, but their influence appeared rather localized

Determining land use patterns through man-machine analysis of LANDSAT data: A tutorial simulation

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Application of Multispectral Reflectance Studies of Soils: Pre-Landsat

It was recognized in the 1960\u27s that measuring the spectral, spatial and temporal variation of electromagnetic fields reflected and emitted from the Earth\u27s surface had many potential applications in the field of agriculture. As a result, computer-implemented pattern recognition techniques were used to analyze multispectral data for the purpose of delineating soil differences. Spectral data were obtained (1) in the laboratory by scanning soil samples with a double-beam spectrophotometer (Beckman DK-2A) and (2) in the field by scanning large areas of soils with an airborne multispectral scanner. The results obtained through this early research clearly illustrated relationships between the reflected and emitted energy from soils and other physical and chemical properties of those soils. The possibility of sampling large geographic areas and obtaining information about various soil parameters within a relatively short time period appeared to be of great value to potential users, i.e. soil surveyors, soil conservationists and other resource management personnel

Collective Power to Create Political Change: Increasing the Political Efficacy and Engagement of Social Workers

Because social workers are called to challenge social injustices and create systemic change to support the well-being of individuals and communities, it is essential that social workers develop political efficacy: belief that the political system can work and they can influence the system. This study explored the impact of an intensive political social work curriculum on political efficacy and planned political engagement among social work students and practitioners. The findings suggest this model of delivering a political social work curriculum effectively increases internal, external, and overall political efficacy, and that increasing political efficacy has promise for increasing future political engagement

Interfacial Chemistry in Al/CuO Reactive Nanomaterial and Its Role in Exothermic Reaction.

Interface layers between reactive and energetic materials in nanolaminates or nanoenergetic materials are believed to play a crucial role in the properties of nanoenergetic systems. Typically, in the case of Metastable Interstitial Composite nanolaminates, the interface layer between the metal and oxide controls the onset reaction temperature, reaction kinetics, and stability at low temperature. So far, the formation of these interfacial layers is not well understood for lack of in situ characterization, leading to a poor control of important properties. We have combined in situ infrared spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, in conjunction with firstprinciples calculations to identify the stable configurations that can occur at the interface and determine the kinetic barriers for their formation. We find that (i) an interface layer formed during physical deposition of aluminum is composed of a mixture of Cu, O, and Al through Al penetration into CuO and constitutes a poor diffusion barrier (i.e., with spurious exothermic reactions at lower temperature), and in contrast, (ii) atomic layer deposition (ALD) of alumina layers using trimethylaluminum (TMA)produces a conformal coating that effectively prevents Al diffusion even for ultrathin layer thicknesses (∼0.5 nm), resulting in better stability at low temperature and reduced reactivity. Importantly, the initial reaction of TMA with CuO leads to the extraction of oxygen from CuO to form an amorphous interfacial layer that is an important component for superior protection properties of the interface and is responsible for the high system stability. Thus, while Al e-beam evaporation and ALD growth of an alumina layer on CuO both lead to CuO reduction, the mechanism for oxygen removal is different, directly affecting the resistance to Al diffusion. This work reveals that it is the nature of the monolayer interface between CuO and alumina/Al rather than the thickness of the alumina layer that controls the kinetics of Al diffusion, underscoring the importance of the chemical bonding at the interface in these energetic materials