Dissatisfied with life, but having a good day: time-use and well-being of the unemployed

We apply the Day Reconstruction Method to compare unemployed and employed people with respect to their subjective assessment of emotional affects, differences in the composition and duration of activities during the course of a day, and their self-reported life satisfaction. Employed persons are more satisfied with their life than the unemployed and report more positive feelings when engaged in similar activities. Weighting these activities with their duration shows, however, that average experienced utility does not differ between the two groups. Although the unemployed feel sadder when engaged in similar activities, they can compensate this by using the time the employed are at work in more enjoyable ways. Our finding that unemployment affects life satisfaction and experienced utility differently may be explained by the fact that people do not adjust their aspirations when becoming unemployed but face hedonic adaptation to changing life circumstances, triggered by the opportunity to use the time in a way that yields higher levels of satisfaction than working. --Unemployment,happiness,life satisfaction,Day Reconstruction Method,experienced utility

Dissatisfied with life, but having a good day- time-use and well-being of the unemployed

We apply the Day Reconstruction Method to compare unemployed and employed people with respect to their subjective assessment of emotional affects, differences in the composition and duration of activities during the course of a day, and their self-reported life satisfaction. Employed persons are more satisfied with their life than the unemployed and report more positive feelings when engaged in similar activities. Weighting these activities with their duration shows, however, that average experienced utility does not differ between the two groups. Although the unemployed feel sadder when engaged in similar activities, they can compensate this by using the time the employed are at work in more enjoyable ways. Our finding that unemployment affects life satisfaction and experienced utility differently may be explained by the fact that people do not adjust their aspirations when becoming unemployed but face hedonic adaptation to changing life circumstances, triggered by the opportunity to use the time in a way that yields higher levels of satisfaction than working.unemployment, happiness, life satisfaction, Day Reconstruction Method, experienced utility

Dissatisfied with life, but having a good day: Time-use and well-being of the unemployed

We apply the Day Reconstruction Method to compare unemployed and employed people with respect to their subjective assessment of emotional affects, differences in the composition and duration of activities during the course of a day, and their self-reported life satisfaction. Employed persons are more satisfied with their life than the unemployed and report more positive feelings when engaged in similar activities. Weighting these activities with their duration shows, however, that average experienced utility does not differ between the two groups. Although the unemployed feel sadder when engaged in similar activities, they can compensate this by using the time the employed are at work in more enjoyable ways. Our finding that unemployment affects life satisfaction and experienced utility differently may be explained by the fact that people do not adjust their aspirations when becoming unemployed but face hedonic adaptation to changing life circumstances, triggered by the opportunity to use the time in a way that yields higher levels of satisfaction than working

A substudy of a randomized controlled trial

Data on early markers for acute kidney injury (AKI) after noncardiovascular surgery are still limited. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of plasma neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) and intraoperative diuresis for AKI in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery treated within a goal-directed hemodynamic algorithm. This study is a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled pilot trial comparing intravenous solutions within a hemodynamic goal-directed algorithm based on the esophageal Doppler in patients undergoing epithelial ovarian cancer surgery. The diagnostic value of plasma NGAL obtained at ICU admission and intraoperative diuresis was determined with respect to patients already meeting AKI criteria 6 hours after surgery (AKI6h) and to all patients meeting AKI criteria at least once during the postoperative course (AKItotal). AKI was diagnosed by the definition of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) group creatinine criteria and was screened up to postoperative day 3. Receiver operating characteristic curves including a gray zone approach were performed. A total of 48 patients were analyzed. None of the patients had increased creatinine levels before surgery and 14 patients (29.2%) developed AKI after surgery. Plasma NGAL was predictive for AKI6h (AUCAKI6h 0.832 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.629–0.976), P = .001) and AKItotal (AUCAKItotal 0.710 (CI 0.511–0.878), P = .023). The gray zones of pNGAL calculated for AKI6h and AKItotal were 210 to 245 and 207 to 274 ng mL−1, respectively. The lower cutoffs of the gray zone at 207 and 210 ng mL−1 had a negative predictive value (NPV) (i.e., no AKI during the postoperative course) of 96.8% (CI 90–100) and 87.1% (CI 78–97), respectively. Intraoperative diuresis was also predictive for AKI6h (AUCAKI6h 0.742 (CI 0.581–0.871), P = .019) with a gray zone of 0.5 to 2.0 mL kg−1 h−1. At the lower cutoff of the gray zone at 0.5 mL kg−1 h−1, corresponding to the oliguric threshold, the NPV was 84.2% (78–92). This study indicates that pNGAL can be used as an early marker to rule out AKI occurring within 3 days after major abdominal surgery. Intraoperative diuresis can be used to rule out AKI occurring up to 6 hours after surgery

Compact surface fano states embedded in the continuum of waveguide arrays

We describe theoretically and observe experimentally the formation of a surface state in a semi-infinite waveguide array with a side-coupled waveguide, designed to simultaneously achieve Fano and Fabry-Perot resonances. We demonstrate that the surface mo

Design and characterization of terahertz CORPS beam forming networks

This work reviews the design and applicability of beam-forming networks based on Coherently Radiating Periodic Structures (CORPS-BFN) at Terahertz (THz) frequency bands. These versatile networks offer two operation modes: a continuous beam steering – feeding an antenna array with a linearly progressive phase distribution – using a reduced number of phase controls; or a multi-beam operation, generating independent, overlapped beams. These networks are built upon the concatenation of power combiners/dividers (PCDs) with isolated outputs. The isolation is provided by monolithically integrated resistors, implemented with Ti/TiO thin films for the first time. In this work, a planar prototype of a (inputs/outputs) microstrip CORPS-BFN for operation in the WR3.4/WM-864 band (220–330 GHz) on a thin 50 m Indium Phosphide (InP) substrate is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The measured S-parameters show a reflection coefficient better than -15 dB and an insertion loss between 1.6 and 3.2 dB in the whole band. In addition, an isolation better than 20 dB between the input ports has been measured. An overall remarkable agreement is observed between the measurements and the simulations. Last, the applications, scalability and efficiency of this type of networks at the targeted band are discussed in detail.This research was funded partially by the FPU Program from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, grant No. FPU18/00013, and project PID2019-109984RB-C43 (FRONT-MiliRAD); by the Deutsche Forschungs-Gemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Project 287022738-CRC/TRR 196 MARIE (Projects C02, C05, C06, C07 and S03); by BMBF (smartBeam, 6GEM grant No. EFRE-0400215, grant No.16KISK017 and grant No.16KISK039) and by the NRW/EFRE Terahertz-Integrationszentrum (Open6GHub and THz.NRW). Open Access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra

Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Supports Liver Regeneration in a Small-for-size Liver Remnant Mouse Model

Experimental partial hepatectomy of more than 80% of the liver weight bears an increased mortality in rodents, due to impaired hepatic regeneration in small-for-size liver remnants. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes progenitor cell expansion and mobilization and also has immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of systemically administered G-CSF on liver regeneration and animal survival in a small-for-size liver remnant mouse model. Mice were preconditioned daily for 5days with subcutaneous injections of 5μg G-CSF or aqua ad injectabile. Subsequently, 83% partial hepatectomy was performed by resecting the median, the left, the caudate, and the right inferior hepatic lobes in all animals. Daily sham or G-CSF injection was continued. Survival was significantly better in G-CSF-treated animals (P < 0.0001). At 36 and 48h after microsurgical hepatic resection, markers of hepatic proliferation (Ki67, BrdU) were elevated in G-CSF-treated mice compared to sham injected control animals (P < 0.0001) and dry liver weight was increased (P < 0.05). G-CSF conditioning might prove to be useful in patients with small-for-size liver remnants after extended hepatic resections due to primary or secondary liver tumors or in the setting of split liver transplantatio