Emerg. Infect. Dis

The multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serotype Newport strain that produces CMY-2 β-lactamase(Newport MDR-AmpC) was the source of sporadic cases and outbreaks in humans in France during 2000–2005. Because this strain was not detected in food animals, it was most likely introduced into France through imported food products

Critical Behavior of Light

Light is shown to exhibit critical and tricritical behavior in passive mode-locked lasers with externally injected pulses. It is a first and unique example of critical phenomena in a one-dimensional many body light-mode system. The phase diagrams consist of regimes with continuous wave, driven para-pulses, spontaneous pulses via mode condensation, and heterogeneous pulses, separated by phase transition lines which terminate with critical or tricritical points. Enhanced nongaussian fluctuations and collective dynamics are observed at the critical and tricritical points, showing a mode system analog of the critical opalescence phenomenon. The critical exponents are calculated and shown to comply with the mean field theory, which is rigorous in the light system.Comment: RevTex, 5 pages, 3 figure

Large-eddy simulation of the lid-driven cubic cavity flow by the spectral element method

This paper presents the large-eddy simulation of the lid-driven cubic cavity flow by the spectral element method (SEM) using the dynamic model. Two spectral filtering techniques suitable for these simulations have been implemented. Numerical results for Reynolds number $\text{Re}=12'000$ are showing very good agreement with other experimental and DNS results found in the literature

Costs of insensitive acetylcholinesterase insecticide resistance for the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae homozygous for the G119S mutation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The G119S mutation responsible for insensitive acetylcholinesterase resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides has recently been reported from natural populations of <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>in West Africa. These reports suggest there are costs of resistance associated with this mutation for <it>An. gambiae</it>, especially for homozygous individuals, and these costs could be influential in determining the frequency of carbamate resistance in these populations.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Life-history traits of the AcerKis and Kisumu strains of <it>An. gambiae </it>were compared following the manipulation of larval food availability in three separate experiments conducted in an insecticide-free laboratory environment. These two strains share the same genetic background, but differ in being homozygous for the presence or absence of the G119S mutation at the <it>ace-1 </it>locus, respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Pupae of the resistant strain were significantly more likely to die during pupation than those of the susceptible strain. Ages at pupation were significantly earlier for the resistant strain and their dry starved weights were significantly lighter; this difference in weight remained when the two strains were matched for ages at pupation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The main cost of resistance found for <it>An. gambiae </it>mosquitoes homozygous for the G119S mutation was that they were significantly more likely to die during pupation than their susceptible counterparts, and they did so across a range of larval food conditions. Comparing the frequency of G119S in fourth instar larvae and adults emerging from the same populations would provide a way to test whether this cost of resistance is being expressed in natural populations of <it>An. gambiae </it>and influencing the dynamics of this resistance mutation.</p

Influência do avaliador no resultado da classificação de terras em capacidade de uso.

Por sofrerem uma exploração agrícola descontrolada, recursos naturais como o solo e a água tendem ao seu esgotamento. Como conseqüência, problemas ambientais que afetam diretamente a qualidade de vida da população acabaram sendo uma constante. Para minimizar esta situação o planejamento de uso das terras tornou-se prerrogativa básica para o uso adequado de áreas agrícolas

Glycine-Stabilized Zinc Gluconate has similar bioavailability than Zinc Sulfate in a zinc fortified probiotic food

Objective: In this study, we evaluated zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine (GZ) and sulfate (SZ) in fermented milk as vehicle. Zinc bioavailability was evaluated in an animal model (Sprague Dawley rats) for both zinc sources in the vehicle with a probiotic (Lactobacillus casei DN114001). Results: For growth parameters, higher weight gain and femur weight values were observed when probiotic and zinc were provided together, independent of the source (weight gain: SZ 81.4g±4.0g; GZ 81.8g±4.0g and 70.2g±12.5g without the probiotic; femur weight: SZ 0.51g ±0.05g; GZ 0.52g±0.05g and 0.42g±0.03g without the probiotic). Femur zinc content was higher for zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine in the presence of the probiotic (97.04ppm±8.40ppm), and the results were similar for zinc sulfate with or without probiotic (84.51ppm±2.44ppm and 84.94ppm±2.28ppm, respectively). Serum antioxidant capacity and immune cellular response were also evaluated by using free radical scavenging assays and a T cell proliferation assay respectively. The free radical scavenging assay showed a tendency to increase with zinc provision, and the highest proliferation index was observed for glycine-stabilized zinc gluconate and the probiotic. Conclusion: The results indicate that the combination of zinc (as glycine-stabilized zinc gluconate) and a probiotic may be beneficial for the evaluated parameters.Fil: Tesan, Fiorella Carla. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Fisicomatemática. Cátedra de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, F.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Fisicomatemática. Cátedra de Física; ArgentinaFil: Torti, Horacio Emilio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Fisicomatemática. Cátedra de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Massot, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Fisicomatemática. Cátedra de Física; ArgentinaFil: Huarte, M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Fisicomatemática. Cátedra de Física; ArgentinaFil: Rubín de Celis, E.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Fisicomatemática. Cátedra de Física; ArgentinaFil: Barreiro Arcos, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Weill, R.. Danone Argentina S,a,; ArgentinaFil: Cremaschi, Graciela Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Boccio, J.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Fisicomatemática. Cátedra de Física; ArgentinaFil: Salgueiro, María Jimena. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Molecular analysis of thyroglobulin mutations found in patients with goiter and hypothyroidism

Thyroid dyshormonogenesis due to thyroglobulin (TG) gene mutations have an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000 newborns. The clinical spectrum ranges from euthyroid to mild or severe hypothyroidism. Up to now, one hundred seventeen deleterious mutations in the TG gene have been identified and characterized. The purpose of the present study was to identify and characterize new mutations in the TG gene. We report eight patients from seven unrelated families with goiter, hypothyroidism and low levels of serum TG. All patients underwent clinical, biochemical and image evaluation. Sequencing of DNA, genotyping, as well as bioinformatics analysis were performed. Molecular analyses revealed three novel inactivating TG mutations: c.5560G>T [p.E1835*], c.7084G>C [p.A2343P] and c.7093T>C [p.W2346R], and four previously reported mutations: c.378C>A [p.Y107*], c.886C>T [p.R277*], c.1351C>T [p.R432*] and c.7007G>A [p.R2317Q]. Two patients carried homozygous mutations (p.R277*/p.R277*, p.W2346R/p.W2346R), four were compound heterozygous mutations (p.Y107*/p.R277* (two unrelated patients), p.R432*/p.A2343P, p.Y107*/p.R2317Q) and two siblings from another family had a single p.E1835* mutated allele. Additionally, we include the analysis of 48 patients from 31 unrelated families with TG mutations identified in our present and previous studies. Our observation shows that mutations in both TG alleles were found in 27 families (9 as homozygote and 18 as heterozygote compound), whereas in the remaining four families only one mutated allele was detected. The majority of the detected mutations occur in exons 4, 7, 38 and 40. 28 different mutations were identified, 33 of the 96 TG alleles encoded the change p.R277*. In conclusion, our results confirm the genetic heterogeneity of TG defects and the pathophysiological importance of the predicted TG misfolding and therefore thyroid hormone formation as a consequence of truncated TG proteins and/or missense mutations located within its ACHE-like domain.This study was funded by grants from the FONCyT-ANPCyT-MINCyT (PICT 2014-1193 to CMR, PICT 2012-1090 and PICT 2015–1811 to HMT), CONICET (PIP 2015-11220150100499 to CMR) and Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT 2016-20020150100099BA to CMR)

Reply to Guy et al.: Support for a bottleneck in the 2011 Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany

In our paper (1), we analyzed isolates from the Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreaks in Germany and France in May to July 2011. We concluded that, although the German outbreak was larger, the German isolates represent a clade within the greater diversity of the French outbreak. We proposed several hypotheses to explain these findings, including that the lineage leading to the German outbreak went through a narrow bottleneck that purged diversity. Guy et al. (2) report the genomes of eight additional E. coli O104:H4 isolates sampled from the German outbreak. By focusing on the numbers of SNPs in their samples, they suggest that the German outbreak is more diverse than we reported and is similar to the French outbreak. In fact, Guy et al.’s data (2) strongly support our conclusion that the German outbreak represents a clade within the diversity