Self-report personality measures of fake good in employment selection

Self-report personality inventories are widely used for psychological assessment purposes. However, a common objection to their use. particularly in employment selection, is thai individuals may deliberately distort or fake their responses, and research has demonstrated that the results of many psychological instruments are vulnerable to faking. Researchers, though, disagree on how best to operationalize the construct, and results are inconclusive regarding whether faking attenuates the validity of personality measures. The present study provides empirical support that fake good may not just reflect artifact and contamination but individual differences in personality and impression management motivation.The current study investigated the relationship between fake good, job performance, and personality variables, using a work-based measure of personality, thePersonal Style Inventory (PSl). Examining populations of production workers, restaurant and sales representatives (N = 503) in four different organizations using correlation and multiple regression analyses, fake good was positively related to job performance in one population.The tendency to respond to fake good items was consistently related to emotional stability, and conscientiousness across all job-types and organizations included in this study. Results also indicate that the relationship between fake good and other work-based measures of personality (i.e., work drive, customer service orientation, orderliness, and selling enthusiasm) appeared dependent on job type or perceived job demands. Removing the effects of fake good from personality measures did not enhance criterion-related validity of personality constructs for predicting jobperformance.Study results provide further evidence that fake good reflects individual differences in personality. Results also suggest that the role of fake good in the prediction of job performance may be dependent on organizational culture and job type.Results confirm previous research in which correction procedures have failed to enhance validity. As an individual differences variable, correcting for fake good may partial out meaningful trait variance—fake good reflects overlap in variance with personality predictors

Circulating interleukin-8 levels explain breast cancer osteolysis in mice and humans

Skeletal metastases of breast cancer and subsequent osteolysis connote a dramatic change in the prognosis for the patient and significantly increase the morbidity associated with disease. The cytokine Interleukin 8 (IL-8/CXCL8) is able to directly stimulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in mouse models of breast cancer bone metastasis. In this study, we determined whether circulating levels of IL-8 were associated with increased bone resorption and breast cancer bone metastasis in patients, and investigated IL-8 action in vitro and in vivo in mice. Using breast cancer patient plasma (36 patients), we identified significantly elevated IL-8 levels in bone metastasis patients compared with patients lacking bone metastasis (p<0.05), as well as a correlation between plasma IL-8 and increased bone resorption (p<0.05), as measured by NTx levels. In a total of 22 ER+ and 15 ER− primary invasive ductal carcinomas, all cases examined stained positive for IL-8 expression. In vitro, human MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MET breast cancer cell lines secrete two distinct IL-8 isoforms, both of which were found to stimulate osteoclastogenesis. However, the more osteolytic MDA-MET–derived full length IL-8(1–77) had significantly higher potency than the non-osteolytic MDA-MB-231-derived IL-8(6–77), via the CXCR1 receptor. MDA-MET breast cancer cells were injected into the tibia of nude mice and 7 days later treated daily with a neutralizing IL-8 monoclonal antibody. All tumor-injected mice receiving no antibody developed large osteolytic bone tumors, whereas 83% of the IL-8 antibody-treated mice had no evidence of tumor at the end of 28 days and had significantly increased survival. The pro-osteoclastogenic activity of IL-8 in vivo was confirmed when transgenic mice expressing human IL-8 were examined and found to have a profound osteopenic phenotype, with elevated bone resorption and inherently low bone mass. Collectively, these data suggest that IL-8 plays an important role in breast cancer osteolysis and that anti-IL-8 therapy may be useful in the treatment of the skeletal related events associated with breast cancer