Smooth Paths on Three Dimensional Lattice

A particular class of random walks with a spin factor on a three dimensional cubic lattice is studied. This three dimensional random walk model is a simple generalization of random walk for the two dimensional Ising model. All critical diffusion constants and associated critical exponents are calculated. Continuum field theories such as Klein-Gordon, Dirac and massive Chern-Simons theories are constructed near several critical points.Comment: 7 pages,NUP-A-94-

Role of the IL-2 inducible tyrosine kinase ITK and its inhibitors in disease pathogenesis

ITK (IL-2-inducible tyrosine kinase) belongs to the Tec family kinases and is mainly expressed in T cells. It is involved in TCR signalling events driving processes like T cell development as well as Th2, Th9 and Th17 responses thereby controlling the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies have shown that ITK is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases as well as in carcinogenesis. The loss of ITK or its activity either by mutation or by the use of inhibitors led to a beneficial outcome in experimental models of asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis among others. In humans, biallelic mutations in the ITK gene locus result in a monogenetic disorder leading to T cell dysfunction; in consequence, mainly EBV infections can lead to severe immune dysregulation evident by lymphoproliferation, lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Furthermore, patients who suffer from angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma have been found to express significantly more ITK. These findings put ITK in the strong focus as a target for drug development

The transcription factor NFATc2 controls IL-6-dependent T cell activation in experimental colitis.

The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors controls calcium signaling in T lymphocytes. In this study, we have identified a crucial regulatory role of the transcription factor NFATc2 in T cell-dependent experimental colitis. Similar to ulcerative colitis in humans, the expression of NFATc2 was up-regulated in oxazolone-induced chronic intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, NFATc2 deficiency suppressed colitis induced by oxazolone administration. This finding was associated with enhanced T cell apoptosis in the lamina propria and strikingly reduced production of IL-6, -13, and -17 by mucosal T lymphocytes. Further studies using knockout mice showed that IL-6, rather than IL-23 and -17, are essential for oxazolone colitis induction. Administration of hyper-IL-6 blocked the protective effects of NFATc2 deficiency in experimental colitis, suggesting that IL-6 signal transduction plays a major pathogenic role in vivo. Finally, adoptive transfer of IL-6 and wild-type T cells demonstrated that oxazolone colitis is critically dependent on IL-6 production by T cells. Collectively, these results define a unique regulatory role for NFATc2 in colitis by controlling mucosal T cell activation in an IL-6-dependent manner. NFATc2 in T cells thus emerges as a potentially new therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel diseases

Multirate control with incomplete information over Profibus-DP network

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Journal of Systems Science on 2014, available online:http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00207721.2013.844286When a process ¿eld bus-decentralized peripherals (Pro¿bus-DP) network is used in an industrial environment, a deterministic behaviour is usually claimed. However, due to some concerns such as bandwidth limitations, lack of synchronisation among different clocks and existence of time-varying delays, a more complex problem must be faced. This problem implies the transmission of irregular and, even, random sequences of incomplete information. The main consequence of this issue is the appearance of different sampling periods at different network devices. In this paper, this aspect is checked by means of a detailed Pro¿bus-DP timescale study. In addition, in order to deal with the different periods, a delay-dependent dual-rate proportional-integral-derivative control is introduced. Stability for the proposed control system is analysed in terms of linear matrix inequalitiesThe authors are grateful to the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity [Research Grant TEC2012-31506].Salt Llobregat, JJ.; Casanova Calvo, V.; Cuenca Lacruz, ÁM.; Pizá Fernández, R. (2014). Multirate control with incomplete information over Profibus-DP network. International Journal of Systems Science. 45(7):1589-1605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2013.844286S15891605457Alves, M., & Tovar, E. (2007). Real-time communications over wired/wireless PROFIBUS networks supporting inter-cell mobility. Computer Networks, 51(11), 2994-3012. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2007.01.001Boyd, S., El Ghaoui, L., Feron, E., & Balakrishnan, V. (1994). Linear Matrix Inequalities in System and Control Theory. doi:10.1137/1.9781611970777Bucher, R., & Balemi, S. (2006). Rapid controller prototyping with Matlab/Simulink and Linux. 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Real-Time Systems, 35(1), 59-89. doi:10.1007/s11241-006-9001-2Halevi, Y., & Ray, A. (1988). Integrated Communication and Control Systems: Part I—Analysis. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 110(4), 367-373. doi:10.1115/1.3152698Khargonekar, P., Poolla, K., & Tannenbaum, A. (1985). Robust control of linear time-invariant plants using periodic compensation. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 30(11), 1088-1096. doi:10.1109/tac.1985.1103841Lall, S., & Dullerud, G. (2001). An LMI solution to the robust synthesis problem for multi-rate sampled-data systems. Automatica, 37(12), 1909-1922. doi:10.1016/s0005-1098(01)00167-4Lee, I. W. C., & Dash, P. K. (2003). S-transform-based intelligent system for classification of power quality disturbance signals. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 50(4), 800-805. doi:10.1109/tie.2003.814991Lee, C. K., Ron Hui, S. Y., & Henry Shu-Hung Chung. (2002). A 31-level cascade inverter for power applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49(3), 613-617. doi:10.1109/tie.2002.1005388Performance evaluation of control networks: Ethernet, ControlNet, and DeviceNet. (2001). IEEE Control Systems, 21(1), 66-83. doi:10.1109/37.898793Feng-Li Lian, Moyne, J., & Tilbury, D. (2002). Network design consideration for distributed control systems. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 10(2), 297-307. doi:10.1109/87.987076Lin, J., Fei, S., & Gao, Z. (2013). Control discrete-time switched singular systems with state delays under asynchronous switching. International Journal of Systems Science, 44(6), 1089-1101. doi:10.1080/00207721.2011.652230Liou, L.-W., & Ray, A. (1991). A Stochastic Regulator for Integrated Communication and Control Systems: Part I—Formulation of Control Law. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 113(4), 604-611. doi:10.1115/1.2896464Lorand, C., & Bauer, P. H. (2006). On Synchronization Errors in Networked Feedback Systems. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 53(10), 2306-2317. doi:10.1109/tcsi.2006.882824Moayedi, M., Foo, Y. K., & Soh, Y. C. (2011). Filtering for networked control systems with single/multiple measurement packets subject to multiple-step measurement delays and multiple packet dropouts. International Journal of Systems Science, 42(3), 335-348. doi:10.1080/00207720903513335Peñarrocha, I., Sanchis, R., & Romero, J. A. (2012). State estimator for multisensor systems with irregular sampling and time-varying delays. International Journal of Systems Science, 43(8), 1441-1453. doi:10.1080/00207721.2011.625482Piza, R., Salt, J., Sala, A., & Cuenca, A. (2014). Hierarchical Triple-Maglev Dual-Rate Control Over a Profibus-DP Network. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 22(1), 1-12. doi:10.1109/tcst.2012.2222883Ray, A. (1989). Introduction to networking for integrated control systems. 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Oribatid mites show how climate and latitudinal gradients in organic matter can drive large-scale biodiversity patterns of soil communities

Aim: The factors determining spatial distributions and diversity of terrestrial invertebrates are typically investigated at small scales. Large‐scale studies are lacking for soil animals, which control microbial communities and represent one of the most diverse yet poorly known animal assemblages. Here, we analyzed a major group (Oribatida) to test whether belowground macroecological patterns can be predicted by climatic variables, vegetation and large‐scale variation in key soil properties. Location: We modelled the multivariate distribution of more than 100 species using biodiversity data collected across Great Britain in the framework of the Countryside Survey (http://www.countrysidesurvey.org.uk). Methods: We analyzed species‐level data from 582 samples collected across 162 hectads (10 × 10 km) covering the largest possible range of vegetation types, soil properties and climatic conditions within GB. We created the first large‐scale maps of soil animal diversity metrics at the GB scale, including novel estimates of metrics of phylogenetic diversity (PD). Using structural equation modelling, we quantified the direct and indirect effects of location (latitude, longitude), plant community structure and abiotic factors such as precipitation on species composition, richness and PD. Results: We found that variation in species composition follows a latitudinal gradient with diversity generally increasing northward. The latitudinal variation in species composition drives PD via changes in both species richness and phylogenetic distance between species. This gradient is mostly determined by latitudinal variation in precipitation and organic matter, which were very good predictors of species composition. Precipitation and organic matter were, however, relatively weak while statistically significant predictors of diversity metrics. Conclusions: Past studies have emphasized the unpredictability of species distributions and variation in species composition in hyper diverse soil animal communities. However, past studies were conducted at small scales, where stochastic factors may weaken the signal of deterministic factors. Oribatid mites in our study show for the first time that the large scale latitudinal gradients in climate and organic matter predict not only variation in species composition but also taxonomic and PD of soil animal communities

Quantum phase transitions and collapse of the Mott gap in the d=1+ϵd=1+\epsilon dimensional half-filled Hubbard model

We study the low-energy asymptotics of the half-filled Hubbard model with a circular Fermi surface in $d=1+\epsilon$ continuous dimensions, based on the one-loop renormalization-group (RG) method. Peculiarity of the $d=1+\epsilon$ dimensions is incorporated through the mathematica structure of the elementary particle-partcile (PP) and particle-hole (PH) loops: infrared logarithmic singularity of the PH loop is smeared for $\epsilon>0$. The RG flows indicate that a quantum phase transition (QPT) from a metallic phase to the Mott insulator phase occurs at a finite on-site Coulomb repulsion $U$ for $\epsilon>0$. We also discuss effects of randomness.Comment: 12 pages, 10 eps figure

Optimal local discrimination of two multipartite pure states

In a recent paper, Walgate et. al. demonstrated that any two orthogonal multipartite pure states can be optimally distinguished using only local operations. We utilise their result to show that this is true for any two multiparty pure states, in the sense of inconclusive discrimination. There are also certain regimes of conclusive discrimination for which the same also applies, although we can only conjecture that the result is true for all conclusive regimes. We also discuss a class of states that can be distinguished locally according to any discrimination measure, as they can be locally recreated in the hands of one party. A consequence of this is that any two maximally entangled states can always be optimally discriminated locally, according to any figure of merit.Comment: Published version, results unchanged, although errors in the last proof have been correcte

Differential effects of fluvoxamine and other antidepressants on the biotransformation of melatonin

Melatonin, the predominant product of the pineal gland, is involved in the maintenance of diurnal rhythms. Nocturnal blood concentrations of melatonin have been shown to be enhanced by fluvoxamine, but not by other serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Because fluvoxamine is an inhibitor of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, the authors studied the biotransformation of melatonin and the effects of fluvoxamine on the metabolism of melatonin in vitro using human liver microsomes and recombinant human CYP isoenzymes. Melatonin was found to be almost exclusively metabolized by CYP1A2 to 6-hydroxymelatonin and N-acetylserotonin with a minimal contribution of CYP2C19. Both reactions were potently inhibited by fluvoxamine, with a Ki of 0.02 microM for the formation of 6-hydroxymelatonin and 0.05 microM for the formation of N-acetylserotonin. Other than fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, imipramine, and desipramine were also tested at 2 and 20 microM. Among the other antidepressants, only paroxetine was able to affect the metabolism of melatonin at supratherapeutic concentrations of 20 microM, which did not reach by far the magnitude of the inhibitory potency of fluvoxamine. The authors concluded that fluvoxamine is a potent inhibitor of melatonin degradation. Because this inhibitory action is also found in vivo, fluvoxamine might be used as an enhancer of melatonin, which might offer new therapeutic possibilities of fluvoxamine