Rectal and oral absorption of methylprednisolone acetate

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117227/1/cpt1979262232.pd

Bioavailability of diphenylhydantoin

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117110/1/cpt1974164727.pd

Solution Atomic Layer Deposition of Smooth, Continuous, Crystalline Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films

For the first time, a procedure has been established for the growth of surface-anchored metal–organic framework (SURMOF) copper(II) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (Cu-BDC) thin films of thickness control with single molecule accuracy. For this, we exploit the novel method solution atomic layer deposition (sALD). The sALD growth rate has been determined at 4.5 Å per cycle. The compact and dense SURMOF films grown at room temperature by sALD possess a vastly superior film thickness uniformity than those deposited by conventional solution-based techniques, such as dipping and spraying while featuring clear crystallinity from 100 nm thickness. The highly controlled layer-by-layer growth mechanism of sALD proves crucial to prevent unwanted side reactions such as Ostwald ripening or detrimental island growth, ensuring continuous Cu-BDC film coverage. This successful demonstration of sALD-grown compact continuous Cu-BDC SURMOF films is a paradigm change and provides a key advancement enabling a multitude of applications that require continuous and ultrathin coatings while maintaining tight film thickness specifications, which were previously unattainable with conventional solution-based growth methods

Pharmacokinetics of diphenhydramine in man

Plasma levels and urinary excretion of diphenhydramine were measured after administration of three single 50-mg doses of diphenhydramine hydrochloride to two healthy male volunteers as an intravenous infusion, an oral solution, and a commercially available capsule. A large first- pass effect was evident from the data, with about 50% of the drug being metabolized by the liver before it reached the general circulation. The drug in solution given orally appeared to be fully available to the hepatoportal system, and the availability of diphenhydramine from the capsule was about 83% relative to the solution in one subject and 100% in the other subject. Cumulative amounts of unchanged diphenhydramine excreted in the urine were less than 4% of the administered dose. Both subjects went to sleep at the end of the 1-hr intravenous infusion, but were only drowsy following the oral treatments .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45060/1/10928_2005_Article_BF01067905.pd

The Influence of Chemical and Mineral Compositions on the Parameterization of Immersion Freezing by Volcanic Ash Particles

Volcanic ash (VA) from explosive eruptions contributes to aerosol loadings in the atmosphere. Aside from the negative impact of VA on air quality and aviation, these particles can alter the optical and microphysical properties of clouds by triggering ice formation, thereby influencing precipitation and climate. Depending on the volcano and eruption style, VA displays a wide range of different physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Here, we present a unique data set on the ice nucleation activity of 15 VA samples obtained from different volcanoes worldwide. The ice nucleation activities of these samples were studied in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud simulation chamber as well as with the Ice Nucleation Spectrometer of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (INSEKT). All VA particles nucleated ice in the immersion freezing mode from 263 to 238K with ice nucleation active site (INAS) densities ranging from ∼10$^{5}$ to 10$^{11}$ m$^{-2}$, respectively. The variabilities observed among the VA samples, at any given temperature, range over 3.5 orders of magnitude. The ice-nucleating abilities of VA samples correlate to varying degrees with their bulk pyroxene and plagioclase contents as a function of temperature. We combined our new data set with existing literature data to develop an improved ice nucleation parameterization for natural VA in the immersion freezing mode. This should be useful for modeling the impact of VA on clouds

Model of the complex of Parathyroid hormone-2 receptor and Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We aim to propose interactions between the parathyroid hormone-2 receptor (PTH2R) and its ligand the tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) by constructing a homology model of their complex. The two related peptides parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) are compared with the complex to examine their interactions.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>In the model, the hydrophobic N-terminus of TIP39 is buried in a hydrophobic part of the central cavity between helices 3 and 7. Comparison of the peptide sequences indicates that the main discriminator between the agonistic peptides TIP39 and PTH and the inactive PTHrP is a tryptophan-phenylalanine replacement. The model indicates that the smaller phenylalanine in PTHrP does not completely occupy the binding site of the larger tryptophan residue in the other peptides. As only TIP39 causes internalisation of the receptor and the primary difference being an aspartic acid in position 7 of TIP39 that interacts with histidine 396 in the receptor, versus isoleucine/histidine residues in the related hormones, this might be a trigger interaction for the events that cause internalisation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A model is constructed for the complex and a trigger interaction for full agonistic activation between aspartic acid 7 of TIP39 and histidine 396 in the receptor is proposed.</p