Sora Generates Videos with Stunning Geometrical Consistency

The recently developed Sora model [1] has exhibited remarkable capabilities in video generation, sparking intense discussions regarding its ability to simulate real-world phenomena. Despite its growing popularity, there is a lack of established metrics to evaluate its fidelity to real-world physics quantitatively. In this paper, we introduce a new benchmark that assesses the quality of the generated videos based on their adherence to real-world physics principles. We employ a method that transforms the generated videos into 3D models, leveraging the premise that the accuracy of 3D reconstruction is heavily contingent on the video quality. From the perspective of 3D reconstruction, we use the fidelity of the geometric constraints satisfied by the constructed 3D models as a proxy to gauge the extent to which the generated videos conform to real-world physics rules. Project page: https://sora-geometrical-consistency.github.io/Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

STONE TOOL-USE EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE THE FUNCTION OF GRINDING STONES AND DENTICULATE SICKLES

Within a broader study of early Chinese agriculture, stone tool-use experiments were undertaken to document usewear on sandstone and tuff implements used to process Quercus acorns, Avena oats and Setaria millet. In other experiments, we examined usewear on denticulate slate sickles used to harvest Quercus acorns, Poaceae grass and Typha reeds. Results support other studies that indicate different patterns of abrasive smoothing, striation formation and polish development together provide a basis for distinguishing some of these tasks. This research is aimed to establish a database for functional analysis of grinding stones and sickles from the early Neolithic Peiligang culture. Controlled experiments are required to identify critical variables (e.g. silica in husks) that affect usewear patterns

Robust and accurate corneal interfaces segmentation in 2D and 3D OCT images

Segmentation of corneal layer interfaces in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is important for diagnostic and surgical purposes, while manual segmentation is a time-consuming and tedious process. This paper presents a novel technique for the automatic segmentation of corneal layer interfaces using customized initial layer estimation and a gradient-based segmentation method. The proposed method was also extended to three-dimensional OCT images. Validation was performed on two corneal datasets, one with 37 B-scan images of healthy human eyes and the other with a 3D volume scan of a porcine eye. The approach showed robustness in extracting different layer boundaries in the low-SNR region with lower computational cost but higher accuracy compared to existing techniques. It achieved segmentation errors below 2.1 pixels for both the anterior and posterior layer boundaries in terms of mean unsigned surface positioning error for the first dataset and 2.6 pixels (5.2 μm) for segmenting all three layers that can be resolved in the second dataset. On average, it takes 0.7 and 0.4 seconds to process a cross-sectional B-scan image for datasets one and two, respectively. Our comparative study also showed that it outperforms state-of-the-art methods for quantifying layer interfaces in terms of accuracy and time efficiency

Laser Weld Seam Curved Path Effect on 6063 Aluminum Alloy Strength and Temperature Distributions: COMSOL Numerical Simulation

To improve the welding performance of aluminum alloys, a thermal source model of an irregular weld seam was established. COMSOL software was used for numerical simulation of the weld seam geometry effect on the temperature and stress fields in laser welding, which results were experimentally validated. The results show that the ellipsoidal laser welding melted micropool exhibited quasi-steady-state temperature field characteristics. The temperature gradient and thermal stress showed an increase followed by a decline. The temperature fluctuation amplitude of the square-tooth-shaped weld seam exceeded that of the arc-toothshaped one. The temperature evolution of the broken line tooth-shaped weld seam showed a slightly increasing trend, except for the inflection point. The experimental average tensile strength of the weld seam was the highest, reaching about 210 MPa, i.e., roughly 85% of the base material (245 MPa), which coincided with the COMSOL-based temperature field simulation results. With increasing deformation amplitude and transition radius, the maximum tensile force, tensile strength, and elongation at fracture showed an increasing trend. However, the deformation amplitude should be below a certain limit because its increase elongates the welding path and reduces the distance between weld seams, resulting in serious heat accumulation. The tensile fracture morphology of the 6063-T6 base material was curved shear, with shallow toughness pits, small tearing edges at the edges, and small granular objects, indicating small plastic deformation during the fracture process. The tensile fracture of the welded part spanned the weld seam and the base material, and the fracture occurred along the tangent direction of the weld seam. The fracture surface was smooth, the tearing edges at the edge of the toughness pit shifted along the weld seam direction, forming many co-directional slip bands, with highly pronounced plastic deformation

Peptide Centric Vβ Specific Germline Contacts Shape a Specialist T Cell Response

Certain CD8 T cell responses are particularly effective at controlling infection, as exemplified by elite control of HIV in individuals harboring HLA-B57. To understand the structural features that contribute to CD8 T cell elite control, we focused on a strongly protective CD8 T cell response directed against a parasite-derived peptide (HF10) presented by an atypical MHC-I molecule, H-2Ld. This response exhibits a focused TCR repertoire dominated by Vβ2, and a representative TCR (TG6) in complex with Ld-HF10 reveals an unusual structure in which both MHC and TCR contribute extensively to peptide specificity, along with a parallel footprint of TCR on its pMHC ligand. The parallel footprint is a common feature of Vβ2-containing TCRs and correlates with an unusual Vα-Vβ interface, CDR loop conformations, and Vβ2-specific germline contacts with peptides. Vβ2 and Ld may represent “specialist” components for antigen recognition that allows for particularly strong and focused T cell responses

DCTR U-Net: automatic segmentation algorithm for medical images of nasopharyngeal cancer in the context of deep learning

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the wall of the nasopharyngeal cavity and is prevalent in Southern China, Southeast Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East. According to studies, NPC is one of the most common malignant tumors in Hainan, China, and it has the highest incidence rate among otorhinolaryngological malignancies. We proposed a new deep learning network model to improve the segmentation accuracy of the target region of nasopharyngeal cancer. Our model is based on the U-Net-based network, to which we add Dilated Convolution Module, Transformer Module, and Residual Module. The new deep learning network model can effectively solve the problem of restricted convolutional fields of perception and achieve global and local multi-scale feature fusion. In our experiments, the proposed network was trained and validated using 10-fold cross-validation based on the records of 300 clinical patients. The results of our network were evaluated using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the average symmetric surface distance (ASSD). The DSC and ASSD values are 0.852 and 0.544 mm, respectively. With the effective combination of the Dilated Convolution Module, Transformer Module, and Residual Module, we significantly improved the segmentation performance of the target region of the NPC

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of outbreaks of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical mastitis in Chinese dairy farms

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in humans and animals. However, the availability of epidemiological information on clinical mastitis due to K. pneumoniae is limited. To acquire new information regarding K. pneumoniae mastitis, data were mined about K. pneumoniae strains on dairy cattle farms (farms A to H) in 7 Chinese provinces in 2021. Hypermucoviscous strains of K. pneumoniae were obtained by the string test. MICs of antimicrobial agents were determined via the broth microdilution method. Ten antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes were identified by PCR. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was 35.91% (65/181), and 100% of the bacteria were sensitive to enrofloxacin. Nine antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes were identified and compared among farms. The hypermucoviscous phenotype was present in 94.44% of isolates from farm B, which may be a function of the rmpA virulence gene. Based on these data, the multidrug-resistant strains SD-14 and HB-21 were chosen and sequenced. Genotypes were assayed for K. pneumoniae isolates from different countries and different hosts using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Ninety-four sequence types (STs) were found, and 6 STs present a risk for spreading in specific regions. Interestingly, ST43 was observed in bovine isolates for the first time. Our study partially reveals the current distribution characteristics of bovine K. pneumoniae in China and may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of bovine K. pneumoniae mastitis

Observation of whistler wave instability driven by temperature anisotropy of energetic electrons on EXL-50 spherical torus

Electromagnetic modes in the frequency range of 30-120MHz were observed in electron cyclotron wave (ECW) steady state plasmas on the ENN XuanLong-50 (EXL-50) spherical torus. These modes were found to have multiple bands of frequencies proportional to the Alfv\'en velocity. This indicates that the observed mode frequencies satisfy the dispersion relation of whistler waves. In addition, suppression of the whistler waves by the synergistic effect of Lower Hybrid Wave (LHW) and ECW was also observed. This suggests that the whistler waves were driven by temperature anisotropy of energetic electrons. These are the first such observations (not runaway discharge) made in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas and may have important implications for studying wave-particle interactions, RF wave current driver, and runaway electron control in future fusion devices

Experimental and kinetic study on ignition delay times of methane/hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures by shock tube

This study aims (1) to analyze the performances among regencies/ cities in Jambi Province, and (2) to categorize the regencies/ cities in Jambi Province based on economic, human resources, and infrastructure development performances. Datas used in this study are secondary data of 2009-2012 from Statistics Indonesia, consists of eight component indicators to assess the performance of economic development, the five component indicators to assess the performance of the components of human resources development, and eight component indicators to assess the performance of infrastructure development. The analytical method used to achieve the objectives of the first research purposes is principal component analysis (PCA) which followed by factor analysis and to achieve the third purpose is cluster analysis. The results showed that (1) Jambi City is ranked first in the overall development performance, followed by of Tanjab Barat and Batang Hari Regencies, (2) four clusters of regencies/ cities in Jambi Province are formed based on the performance of development, namely: cluster I (Kerinci, Merangin, and Tebo Regencies) have lower performance of regional development, cluster II (Tanjab Timur Regency) has average to high performance of regional development, cluster III (Sarolangun, Batang Hari, Muaro Jambi, Tanjab Barat, Bungo Regencies, and Sungai Penuh City) have average performance of regional development, and cluster IV (Jambi City) has high performance of regional development

Protocol for a Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Via Distal Transradial Access Versus Transradial Access

Background: Although transradial access (TRA) has become the main vascular access for coronary intervention, its high radial artery occlusion rate limits its application in some patients. Studies have shown that compared with TRA, distal transradial access (dTRA) with the snuffbox area or the Hegu acupoint area as the puncture point significantly decreases the incidence of radial artery occlusion. However, no randomized controlled study has confirmed the safety and efficacy of coronary artery intervention via dTRA in China. Methods and analyses: This single-center, prospective, randomized controlled, superiority open-label study will enroll 428 consecutive patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention as the study population. After preoperative evaluation, the participants will be randomly divided into a study group (dTRA) and control group (TRA) in a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint (radial artery occlusion at 24 hours after operation) and secondary endpoint events will be evaluated and recorded. Study registration: This study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2300073902)