H. Grant Johnson and Helen Johnson, His Wife v. Salt Lake County Cottonwood Sanitary District : Appellant\u27s Brief

Wehrlin H. Edouard Loffeld, Le Problème cardinal de la Missiologie et des Missions catholiques, 1956. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 39e année n°2,1959. pp. 190-192

Teaching Interprofessional Communication Skills in Athletic Training Professional Programs: A Mixed Methods Study

In Volume 4, Issue 1 of the JSMAHS you will find Professional research abstracts, as well as Under Graduate student research abstracts, case reports, and critically appraised topics. Thank you for viewing this 4th Annual OATA Special Edition

Effect of Endurance Training on Hemoglobin Mass and V'O2max in Male Adolescent Athletes

It is unknown, whether endurance training stimulates hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and maximal oxygen uptake (V'O2max) increases during late adolescence. Therefore, this study assessed the influence of endurance training on Hbmass, blood volume parameters, and V'O2max in endurance athletes and control subjects from age 16 to 19 yr. Hemoglobin mass, blood volume parameters,V'O2max and anthropometric parameters were measured in male elite endurance athletes from age 16 to 19 yr in 6-month intervals (n = 10), as well as in age-matched male controls (n = 12). Neither the level of Hbmass per lean body mass (LBM) (P = 0.80) nor the development of Hbmass during the 3 yr (P = 0.97) differed between athletes and controls. Hbmass at age 16 yr was 13.24 ± 0.89 g·kg LBM and increased by 0.74 ± 0.58 g·kg LBM (P < 0.01) from age 16 to 19 yr. There was a high correlation between Hbmass at age 16 and 19 yr (r = 0.77; P < 0.001). Plasma volume, blood volume, and V'O2max were higher in athletes compared to controls (P < 0.05). Blood volume and V'O2max increased with age (P < 0.01, similarly in both groups). Endurance training volumes do not explain individual differences in Hbmass levels nor Hbmass and V'O2max development in the age period from 16 to 19 yr. The higher V'O2max levels of athletes may be partially explained by training-induced higher plasma and blood volumes, as well as other training adaptations. Since Hbmass at age 16 yr varies substantially and the development of Hbmass in late adolescence is comparably small and not influenced by endurance training, Hbmass at age 16 yr is an important predictor for Hbmass at adult age and possibly for the aptitude for high-level endurance performance

Scaling of the electron dissipation range of solar wind turbulence

Electron scale solar wind turbulence has attracted great interest in recent years. Clear evidences have been given from the Cluster data that turbulence is not fully dissipated near the proton scale but continues cascading down to the electron scales. However, the scaling of the energy spectra as well as the nature of the plasma modes involved at those small scales are still not fully determined. Here we survey 10 years of the Cluster search-coil magnetometer (SCM) waveforms measured in the solar wind and perform a statistical study of the magnetic energy spectra in the frequency range [$1, 180$]Hz. We show that a large fraction of the spectra exhibit clear breakpoints near the electon gyroscale $\rho_e$, followed by steeper power-law like spectra. We show that the scaling below the electron breakpoint cannot be determined unambiguously due to instrumental limitations that will be discussed in detail. We compare our results to recent ones reported in other studies and discuss their implication on the physical mechanisms and the theoretical modeling of energy dissipation in the SW.Comment: 10 pages, submitte

Test-retest reliability of ski-specific aerobic, sprint, and neuromuscular performance tests in highly trained cross-country skiers.

Laboratory tests are commonly performed by cross-country (XC) skiers due to the challenges of obtaining reliable performance indicators on snow. However, only a few studies have reported reliability data for ski-specific test protocols. Therefore, this study examined the test-retest reliability of ski-specific aerobic, sprint, and neuromuscular performance tests. Thirty-nine highly trained XC skiers (26 men and 13 women, age: 22 ± 4 years, V̇O <sub>2max</sub> : 70.1 ± 4.5 and 58.8 ± 4.4 mL·kg <sup>-1</sup> ·min <sup>-1</sup> , respectively) performed two test trials within 6 days of a diagonal V̇O <sub>2max</sub> test, n = 27; skating graded exercise test to assess the second lactate threshold (LT <sub>2</sub> ), n = 27; 24-min double poling time trial (24-min DP, n = 25), double poling sprint test (Sprint <sub>DP1</sub> , n = 27), and 1-min self-paced skating sprint test (Sprint <sub>1-min</sub> , n = 26) using roller skis on a treadmill, and an upper-body strength test (UB-ST, n = 27) to assess peak power (P <sub>peak</sub> ) with light, medium, and heavy loads. For each test, the coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated. V̇O <sub>2max</sub> demonstrated good-to-excellent reliability (CV = 1.4%; ICC = 0.99; MDC = 112 mL·min <sup>-1</sup> ), whereas moderate-to-excellent reliability was found for LT <sub>2</sub> (CV = 3.1%; ICC = 0.95). Performance during 24-min DP, Sprint <sub>DP1</sub> , and Sprint <sub>1-min</sub> showed good-to-excellent reliability (CV = 1.0%-2.3%; ICC = 0.96-0.99). Absolute reliability for UB-ST P <sub>peak</sub> was poor (CV = 4.9%-7.8%), while relative reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.93-0.97) across the loads. In highly trained XC skiers, sport-specific aerobic and sprint performance tests demonstrated high test-retest reliability, while neuromuscular performance for the upper body was less reliable. Using the presented protocols, practitioners can assess within- and between-season changes in relevant performance indicators

Quasiperiodic emissions observed by the Cluster spacecraft and their association with ULF magnetic pulsations

International audience[1] Quasiperiodic (QP) emissions are electromagnetic waves at frequencies of about 0.5–4 kHz characterized by a periodic time modulation of the wave intensity, with a typical modulation period on the order of minutes. We present results of a survey of QP emissions observed by the Wide-Band Data (WBD) instruments on board the Cluster spacecraft. All WBD data measured in the appropriate frequency range during the first 10 years of operation (2001–2010) at radial distances lower than 10 R E were visually inspected for the presence of QP emissions, resulting in 21 positively identified events. These are systematically analyzed, and their frequency ranges and modulation periods are determined. Moreover, a detailed wave analysis has been done for the events that were strong enough to be seen in low-resolution Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuations-Spectrum Analyzer data. Wave vectors are found to be nearly field-aligned in the equatorial region, but they become oblique at larger geomagnetic latitudes. This is consistent with a hypothesis of unducted propagation. ULF magnetic field pulsations were detected at the same time as QP emissions in 4 out of the 21 events. They were polarized in the plane perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, and their frequencies roughly corresponded to the modulation period of the QP events. Citation: Němec , F., O. Santolík, J. S. Pickett, M. Parrot, and N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin (2013), Quasiperiodic emissions observed by the Cluster spacecraft and their association with ULF magnetic pulsations

Investigation of the Chirikov resonance overlap criteria for equatorial magnetosonic waves

Observations of equatorial magnetosonic waves made during the Cluster I nnerMagnetospheric Campaign clearly show discrete spectra consisting of emissions around harmonics of theproton gyrofrequency. Equatorial magnetosonic waves are important because of their ability to efficientlyscatter electrons in energy and pitch angle. This wave-particle interaction is numerically modeled throughthe use of diffusion coefficients, calculated based on a continuous spectrum such as that observed byspectrum analyzers. Using the Chirikov overlap resonance criterion, the calculation of the diffusioncoefficient will be assessed to determine whether they should be calculated based on the discrete spectralfeatures as opposed to a continuous spectrum. For the period studied, it is determined that the discretenature of the waves does fulfill the Chirikov overlap criterion and so the use of quasi-linear theory with theassumption of a continuous frequency spectrum is valid for the calculation of diffusion coefficients

Association of Hematological Variables with Team-Sport Specific Fitness Performance.

PURPOSE: We investigated association of hematological variables with specific fitness performance in elite team-sport players. METHODS: Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) was measured in 25 elite field hockey players using the optimized (2 min) CO-rebreathing method. Hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were analyzed in venous blood. Fitness performance evaluation included a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test (8 x 20 m sprints, 20 s of rest) and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (YYIR2). RESULTS: Hbmass was largely correlated (r = 0.62, P<0.01) with YYIR2 total distance covered (YYIR2TD) but not with any RSA-derived parameters (r ranging from -0.06 to -0.32; all P>0.05). [Hb] and MCHC displayed moderate correlations with both YYIR2TD (r = 0.44 and 0.41; both P<0.01) and RSA sprint decrement score (r = -0.41 and -0.44; both P<0.05). YYIR2TD correlated with RSA best and total sprint times (r = -0.46, P<0.05 and -0.60, P<0.01; respectively), but not with RSA sprint decrement score (r = -0.19, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Hbmass is positively correlated with specific aerobic fitness, but not with RSA, in elite team-sport players. Additionally, the negative relationships between YYIR2 and RSA tests performance imply that different hematological mechanisms may be at play. Overall, these results indicate that these two fitness tests should not be used interchangeably as they reflect different hematological mechanisms

Identification of broad-band waves above the auroral acceleration region: Cluster observations

We investigate broad-band emissions at frequencies above the ion gyrofrequency on auroral field lines at geocentric distances of about 4.5 Earth radii. Observations by the Cluster satellites are used to study the wave characteristics and to determine the wave modes involved. All events include some bursts of broad-band emissions with a substantial component of the electric field parallel to the geomagnetic field. Studying the polarization of the emissions we find that linear waves in a homogeneous plasma can be used to theoretically describe the observations. </p><p style="line-height: 20px;"> The broad-band emissions include short bursts of ion acoustic waves, and longer periods of ion Bernstein and Electrostatic Ion Cyclotron (EIC) waves. All waves occur during the same event within a few seconds, with EIC waves as the most common. Theoretically, there is no sharp limit between these wave modes and they can be described by the same dispersion surface. These emissions are closely associated with low-frequency Alfvén waves, indicating a possible generation mechanism.<br><br> <b>Key words.</b> Magnetospheric physics (auroral phenomena; electric fields; plasma waves and instabilities