Case report: Detection of rotavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with rotavirus gastroenteritis and meningism

International audienceAlthough case reports have described detection of rotavirus (RV) in extraintestinal sites such as the liver, kidney, and central nervous system (CNS) of children with RV gastroenteritis, CNS localization in RV infection seems to be rare. RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing detected a G1P[8] strain in the stool and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of a patient with concurrent RV-associated enteritis and CNS signs. Upon sequence analysis, the viruses detected in the CSF was identical to the virus detected in the stools. In the VP7 and VP4 -based phylognetic dendograms the strain clustered within the G1-Ic sublineage and the P[8] -III lineage. This study supports the hypothesis that RV infection was able to spread from the intestinal tract to the CNS, and likely played a role in the onset of neurological diseas

Assembly of the Murine Leukemia Virus Is Directed towards Sites of Cell–Cell Contact

Applying 4D imaging, this study investigates the mechanism by which cell-cell contact enhances retrovirus spreading and demonstrates that viral budding is highly polarized towards sites of cell-cell contact

The conserved dileucine- and tyrosine-based motifs in MLV and MPMV envelope glycoproteins are both important to regulate a common Env intracellular trafficking

BACKGROUND: Retrovirus particles emerge from the assembly of two structural protein components, Gag that is translated as a soluble protein in the cytoplasm of the host cells, and Env, a type I transmembrane protein. Because both components are translated in different intracellular compartments, elucidating the mechanisms of retrovirus assembly thus requires the study of their intracellular trafficking. RESULTS: We used a CD25 (Tac) chimera-based approach to study the trafficking of Moloney murine leukemia virus and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus Env proteins. We found that the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of both Env conserved two major signals that control a complex intracellular trafficking. A dileucine-based motif controls the sorting of the chimeras from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) toward endosomal compartments. Env proteins then follow a retrograde transport to the TGN due to the action of a tyrosine-based motif. Mutation of either motif induces the mis-localization of the chimeric proteins and both motifs are found to mediate interactions of the viral CTs with clathrin adaptors. CONCLUSION: This data reveals the unexpected complexity of the intracellular trafficking of retrovirus Env proteins that cycle between the TGN and endosomes. Given that Gag proteins hijack endosomal host proteins, our work suggests that the endosomal pathway may be used by retroviruses to ensure proper encountering of viral structural Gag and Env proteins in cells, an essential step of virus assembly

Mentalisierungsfähigkeit als zentrale psychotherapeutische Kompetenz?

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit ist im Zuge des Forschungsprojekts „Prozesse der Persönlich- keitsentwicklung in psychosozialen Aus- und Weiterbildungsgängen“ entstanden, das seit dem Jahr 2014 unter der Leitung von Assoc.-Prof. Dr. Michael Wininger im Arbeitsbereich Psycho- analytische Pädagogik an der Universität Wien durchgeführt wird. Bei dem Forschungsprojekt handelt es sich um eine psychoanalytisch-pädagogisch angelegte Begleitforschung der Lehr- gänge: „Psychotherapeutisches Fachspezifikum: Individualpsychologie und Selbstpsycholo- gie“ und „Integration von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit emotionalen und sozialen Problemen im Kontext von Schule (Psychagogik)“. Im Zentrum des Forschungsprojekts steht die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit als eine der zentralen Kompetenzen von Menschen, die im psychosozialen Bereich tätig sind. Das Ziel des Projekts liegt in der Erfassung der Mentalisierungsfunktion von TeilnehmerInnen der begleitbeforschten Lehrgänge sowie der Prüfung ihrer möglichen Veränderungen während der Zeit der Ausbil- dung. Für die Erhebung der Daten wurde das Reflective Self in Vocational Training-Interview (RSVT-Interviews) verwendet, das eine, für die Anwendung auf Teilnehmer des Lehrgangs adaptierte Version, des Parent Development Interviews-Revised (PDI-R2) darstellt. Bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung handelt es sich um eine qualitative Einzelfallstudie, im Zuge derer mentalisierungsbasierte Interviews mit zwei TeilnehmerInnen des begleitbeforsch- ten Fachspezifikums im Rahmen eines Pre-Post-Vergleichs in Hinblick auf eine Veränderung der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit in der Zeit der Absolvierung des psychotherapeutischen Lehr- gangs analysiert werden. Darauf aufbauend wird der Annahme eines Zusammenhangs zwi- schen der Mentalisierung eigener frühkindlicher Bindungsbeziehungen und therapeutischer Ar- beitsbündnisse bei (angehenden) Psychotherapeuten nachgegangen. In einem abschließenden Kapitel werden aus der Verbindung der Fallanalyseergebnisse mit dem theoretischen und em- pirischen Wissensbestand mögliche professionalisierungsbezogene Schlussfolgerungen für den Kontext der psychotherapeutischen Aus- und Weiterbildungsgänge abgeleitet.This master's thesis was conceptualized as part of the research project "Processes of personality development in psychosocial training and further education courses" under the supervision of Dr. Michael Wininger psychoanalytical pedagogy research unit within the Department of Edu- cation at the University of Vienna, Austria. The main objective of this research project is to gain insight into mentallisation process of em- ployees in psychosocial sector. Specifically, this thesis will focus on the mentalisation changes during the psychotherapeutic training period. To perform this study, participant’s data was col- lected using the Reflective Self in Vocational Training-Interview (RSVT-Interview). This method was derived from the Parent Development Interview-Revised (PDI-R2). This master's thesis aims at qualitatively investigating the changes in the mentalization pro- cesses of two participants in regard to their responses to mentalization-based interview ques- tions before and after their psychotherapeutic course. The connection between the mentalization of one's own early childhood attachments and therapeutic attachments in (prospective) psychotherapists will also be explored. Finally, the observation analyzed will be correlated with the theoretical and empirical knowledge base for possible application in the context of psychotherapeutic training

It’s more complicated than just to translate : - a study about special education- and preschool teachers perceptions of interpreted conversations

Ternström, Lena & Weclewicz, Olivia (2020). Det är mer komplicerat än att bara översätta - en studie om specialpedagogers och förskollärares uppfattningar om det tolkade samtalet.  Specialpedagogprogrammet, Institutionen för skolutveckling och ledarskap, Lärande och samhälle, Malmö universitet, 90 hp. Vår studie synliggör problematiken som finns i tolkade samtal. Det förväntade kunskapsbidraget är att ge en inblick i hur samtalsledaren kan förebygga och förbereda inför tolkade samtal för att minska problematiken och öka kvaliteten i tolkade samtal.  Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka uppfattningar specialpedagoger och förskollärare har om det professionella samtalet. Fokus ligger på samtal med vårdnadshavare där en tolk används och om det professionella samtalets dynamik på något sätt förändras eller påverkas i dessa situationer. Frågeställningarna är följande,   ·      Vilken uppfattning har specialpedagoger och förskollärare om sin roll som samtalsledare i professionella samtal där tolk används? ·      Vilken uppfattning har specialpedagoger och förskollärare om samtalets kvalitet i professionella samtal där tolk används? ·      Vilken uppfattning har specialpedagoger och förskollärare om sitt professionella ansvar i professionella samtal där tolk används?   Studien utgår ifrån ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv där vi valt att fokusera på fyra specifika begrepp. Begreppen är hierarki, helhet, påverkansfaktorer och nivåer. Systemteorins helhetstänkande har hjälpt oss att förstå samtalet som ett system som påverkas av olika faktorer (Öqvist, 2018). Metoden vi valt är semistrukturerade, kvalitativa intervjuer med inspiration av fenomenologi. Urvalsgruppen bestod av fyra förskollärare och fyra specialpedagoger.  Resultatet visar att tolkade samtal är komplicerade men att tolken är nödvändig för förståelse. Resultatet visar även att olika strategier bör tillämpas för att det tolkade samtalet ska bli framgångsrikt. De specialpedagogiska implikationerna sammanfattas på följande vis.  Specialpedagogen bär ansvaret som samtalsledare i samtal med vårdnadshavare, därför bör hen vara medveten om speciella strategier som kan öka förståelsen i tolkade samtal.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly and Lipid Rafts: Pr55(gag) Associates with Membrane Domains That Are Largely Resistant to Brij98 but Sensitive to Triton X-100

The assembly and budding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at the plasma membrane are directed by the viral core protein Pr55(gag). We have analyzed whether Pr55(gag) has intrinsic affinity for sphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched raft microdomains at the plasma membrane. Pr55(gag) has previously been reported to associate with Triton X-100-resistant rafts, since both intracellular membranes and virus-like Pr55(gag) particles (VLPs) yield buoyant Pr55(gag) complexes upon Triton X-100 extraction at cold temperatures, a phenotype that is usually considered to indicate association of a protein with rafts. However, we show here that the buoyant density of Triton X-100-treated Pr55(gag) complexes cannot be taken as a proof for raft association of Pr55(gag), since lipid analyses of Triton X-100-treated VLPs demonstrated that the detergent readily solubilizes the bulk of membrane lipids from Pr55(gag). However, Pr55(gag) might nevertheless be a raft-associated protein, since confocal fluorescence microscopy indicated that coalescence of GM1-positive rafts at the cell surface led to copatching of membrane-bound Pr55(gag). Furthermore, extraction of intracellular membranes or VLPs with Brij98 yielded buoyant Pr55(gag) complexes of low density. Lipid analyses of Brij98-treated VLPs suggested that a large fraction of the envelope cholesterol and phospholipids was resistant to Brij98. Collectively, these results suggest that Pr55(gag) localizes to membrane microdomains that are largely resistant to Brij98 but sensitive to Triton X-100, and these membrane domains provide the platform for assembly and budding of Pr55(gag) VLPs

TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS FILMS OF CADMIUM ARSENIDE

Amorphous films of Cd3As2 have been vacuum deposited at Ts 10 Tesla. This effect can be explained by considering the rapid increase of so-called cyclotron mobility above B ~ 10 Tesla in granular structure of the film. Calculated cyclotron effective mass m*c ≈ 0.1 mo is isotropic and three times larger than that for crystalline material