488 research outputs found
Bottom dissipation of subinertial currents at the Atlantic zonal boundaries
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90515/1/jgr_bbldiss_wrightetal_2012.pd
Exploring psychological need satisfaction from gambling participation and the moderating influence of game preferences
Psychological needs are satisfied through leisure participation, which in turn influences subjective well-being. The present study explored the psychological needs reported to be satisfied through gambling participation and examined associations between need satisfaction, game preferences and subjective well-being. A heterogeneous, self-selected sample of 1446 participants was recruited, through the Internet gambling provider Kindred Group Plc, for an online questionnaire survey. Five psychological need dimensions of gambling were identified, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on calibration and validation samples, respectively: mastery, detachment, self-affirmation, risk and excitement, and affiliation. Challenge and mastery need satisfaction was higher for poker than for sports betting, horse racing, slots or casino table games; both self-affirmation and affiliation were also higher for poker than for sports betting and slots. By comparison, detachment was higher for slots than for sports gambling. While there were no significant variations in stress levels between the different forms of gambling, happiness ratings were lower for slots compared with sports betting and poker. This study provides insight into how distinctive patterns of play may satisfy different psychological needs and provides preliminary insights into how gambling patterns may prove adaptive or maladaptive as leisure choices
Final Measurement of the U235 Antineutrino Energy Spectrum with the PROSPECT-I Detector at HFIR
This Letter reports one of the most precise measurements to date of the
antineutrino spectrum from a purely U235-fueled reactor, made with the final
dataset from the PROSPECT-I detector at the High Flux Isotope Reactor. By
extracting information from previously unused detector segments, this analysis
effectively doubles the statistics of the previous PROSPECT measurement. The
reconstructed energy spectrum is unfolded into antineutrino energy and compared
with both the Huber-Mueller model and a spectrum from a commercial reactor
burning multiple fuel isotopes. A local excess over the model is observed in
the 5MeV to 7MeV energy region. Comparison of the PROSPECT results with those
from commercial reactors provides new constraints on the origin of this excess,
disfavoring at 2.2 and 3.2 standard deviations the hypotheses that
antineutrinos from U235 are solely responsible and non-contributors to the
excess observed at commercial reactors respectively.Comment: The paper has been updated with an improved parametrization of the
observed antineutrino spectrum excess and extended discussion on its
potential isotopic origi
Search for astronomical neutrinos from blazar TXS 0506+056 in super-kamiokande
We report a search for astronomical neutrinos in the energy region from several GeV to TeV in the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 using the Super-Kamiokande detector following the detection of a 100 TeV neutrinos from the same location by the IceCube collaboration. Using Super-Kamiokande neutrino data across several data samples observed from 1996 April to 2018 February we have searched for both a total excess above known backgrounds across the entire period as well as localized excesses on smaller timescales in that interval. No significant excess nor significant variation in the observed event rate are found in the blazar direction. Upper limits are placed on the electron- and muon-neutrino fluxes at the 90% confidence level as 6.0 × 10−7 and 4.5 × 10−7–9.3 × 10−10 [erg cm−2 s−1], respectively
Calibration strategy of the PROSPECT-II detector with external and intrinsic sources
This paper presents an energy calibration scheme for an upgraded reactor
antineutrino detector for the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum
Experiment (PROSPECT). The PROSPECT collaboration is preparing an upgraded
detector, PROSPECT-II (P-II), to advance capabilities for the investigation of
fundamental neutrino physics, fission processes and associated reactor neutrino
flux, and nuclear security applications. P-II will expand the statistical power
of the original PROSPECT (P-I) dataset by at least an order of magnitude. The
new design builds upon previous P-I design and focuses on improving the
detector robustness and long-term stability to enable multi-year operation at
one or more sites. The new design optimizes the fiducial volume by elimination
of dead space previously occupied by internal calibration channels, which in
turn necessitates the external deployment. In this paper, we describe a
calibration strategy for P-II. The expected performance of externally deployed
calibration sources is evaluated using P-I data and a well-benchmarked
simulation package by varying detector segmentation configurations in the
analysis. The proposed external calibration scheme delivers a compatible energy
scale model and achieves comparable performance with the inclusion of an
additional AmBe neutron source, in comparison to the previous internal
arrangement. Most importantly, the estimated uncertainty contribution from the
external energy scale calibration model meets the precision requirements of the
P-II experiment.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure
PROSPECT-II Physics Opportunities
The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, PROSPECT, has made
world-leading measurements of reactor antineutrinos at short baselines. In its
first phase, conducted at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, PROSPECT produced some of the strongest limits on eV-scale
sterile neutrinos, made a precision measurement of the reactor antineutrino
spectrum from U, and demonstrated the observation of reactor
antineutrinos in an aboveground detector with good energy resolution and
well-controlled backgrounds. The PROSPECT collaboration is now preparing an
upgraded detector, PROSPECT-II, to probe yet unexplored parameter space for
sterile neutrinos and contribute to a full resolution of the Reactor
Antineutrino Anomaly, a longstanding puzzle in neutrino physics. By pressing
forward on the world's most precise measurement of the U antineutrino
spectrum and measuring the absolute flux of antineutrinos from U,
PROSPECT-II will sharpen a tool with potential value for basic neutrino
science, nuclear data validation, and nuclear security applications. Following
a two-year deployment at HFIR, an additional PROSPECT-II deployment at a low
enriched uranium reactor could make complementary measurements of the neutrino
yield from other fission isotopes. PROSPECT-II provides a unique opportunity to
continue the study of reactor antineutrinos at short baselines, taking
advantage of demonstrated elements of the original PROSPECT design and close
access to a highly enriched uranium reactor core
Modified Chrispin-Norman chest radiography score for cystic fibrosis: observer agreement and correlation with lung function
Contains fulltext :
96114.pdf ( ) (Closed access)OBJECTIVE: To test observer agreement and two strategies for possible improvement (consensus meeting and reference images) for the modified Chrispin-Norman score for children with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS: Before and after a consensus meeting and after developing reference images three observers scored sets of 25 chest radiographs from children with CF. Observer agreement was tested for line, ring, mottled and large soft shadows, for overinflation and for the composite modified Chrispin-Norman score. Correlation with lung function was assessed. RESULTS: Before the consensus meeting agreement between observers 1 and 2 was moderate-good, but with observer 3 agreement was poor-fair. Scores correlated significantly with spirometry for observers 1 and 2 (-0.72<R<-0.42, P < 0.05), but not for observer 3. Agreement with observer 3 improved after the consensus meeting. Reference images improved agreement for overinflation and mottled and large shadows and correlation with lung function, but agreement for the modified Chrispin-Norman score did not improve further. CONCLUSION: Consensus meetings and reference images improve among-observer agreement for the modified Chrispin-Norman score, but good agreement was not achieved among all observers for the modified Chrispin-Norman score and for bronchial line and ring shadows
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