Developing Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Curves From Satellite-Based Precipitation: Methodology and Evaluation

Given the continuous advancement in the retrieval of precipitation from satellites, it is important to develop methods that incorporate satellite-based precipitation data sets in the design and planning of infrastructure. This is because in many regions around the world, in situ rainfall observations are sparse and have insufficient record length. A handful of studies examined the use of satellite-based precipitation to develop intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves; however, they have mostly focused on small spatial domains and relied on combining satellite-based with ground-based precipitation data sets. In this study, we explore this issue by providing a methodological framework with the potential to be applied in ungauged regions. This framework is based on accounting for the characteristics of satellite-based precipitation products, namely, adjustment of bias and transformation of areal to point rainfall. The latter method is based on previous studies on the reverse transformation (point to areal) commonly used to obtain catchment-scale IDF curves. The paper proceeds by applying this framework to develop IDF curves over the contiguous United States (CONUS); the data set used is Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks – Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR). IDFs are then evaluated against National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 to provide a quantitative estimate of their accuracy. Results show that median errors are in the range of (17–22%), (6–12%), and (3–8%) for one-day, two-day and three-day IDFs, respectively, and return periods in the range (2–100) years. Furthermore, a considerable percentage of satellite-based IDFs lie within the confidence interval of NOAA Atlas 14

Angier, The Last Frontier: Representation and Gentrification in the Alternative Food Movement

The Angier Avenue Neighborhood Farm is located in predominantly Black East Durham, yet, Black residents that live in the neighborhood rarely participate in activities at the site. East Durham is also on the brink of major socioeconomic shifts; public and private developers are reinvesting in the neighborhood, planning the constructions of breweries and pizza shops that attract White middle class culture. This poses key problems for the sustainability of the Angier Avenue Neighborhood Farm and its ability to fulfill the present food and gardening needs of the community. The Angier Avenue Neighborhood Farm is a unique space to question certain patterns that exist in the alternative food movement. Why is there a lack of participation among Black people in the alternative food movement? What are the assumptions that explain why Black people are resistant to agricultural work? Why do urban farms and community gardens tend to be White spaces? What is the role of urban farms and community gardens in accelerating the process of gentrification? Based on 7 months of participant observation, interviews, and food systems research, I theorize the relationship between urban farming and gentrification. I argue that equitable and representative community food projects must actively incorporate the cultures and histories of Black East Durham residents if they are to truly function as a sustainable source of fresh, culturally relevant, affordable food.Bachelor of Art

Determining Cloud Type

https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/government_posters/1057/thumbnail.jp

Sea State Photographs for Determining Wind Speed

https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/government_posters/1058/thumbnail.jp

33 Tesis para la Reforma de la Economía

El 12 de diciembre de 2017, Rethinking Economics (http://www.rethinkeconomics.org) y el New Weather Institute (http://www.newweather.org) para conmemorar 500 años de la Reforma de Martín Lutero,  publicaron 33 Tesis para una reforma de la economía. Las tesis fueron respaldadas por estudiantes y economistas y fueron clavadas en las puertas de la London School of Economics.On December 12, 2017, Rethinking Economics (http://www.rethinkeconomics.org) and the New Weather Institute (http://www.newweather.org) to commemorate 500 years of Martin Luther's Reformation, published 33 Theses for a reform of the economy. The theses were supported by students and economists and were stuck at the gates of the London School of Economics

Instructions for cooperative observers : circulars B and C, Instrument Division

9th edition (Revised 1941)The object of this pamphlet is to furnish cooperative observers with instructions for their guidance in taking and recording meteorological observations, more especially of temperature and rainfall, and for reporting earthquakes. To render these observations of the greatest value and to facilitate their use in investigating questions relating to climate, a uniform system for the exposure of the instruments and the recording of the observations is in use.Gerald W. Williams Collectio

Exploring positive pathways to care for members of the UK Armed Forces receiving treatment for PTSD: a qualitative study

Objective: To examine the factors which facilitate UK military personnel with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to engage in help-seeking behaviours. Methods: The study recruited active service personnel who were attending mental health services, employed a qualitative design, used semi-structured interview schedules to collect data, and explored these data using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results: Five themes emerged about how participants were able to access help; having to reach a crisis point before accepting the need for help, overcoming feelings of shame, the importance of having an internal locus of control, finding a psychological explanation for their symptoms and having strong social support. Conclusions: This study reported that for military personnel who accessed mental health services, there were a number of factors that supported them to do so. In particular, factors that combated internal stigma, such as being supported to develop an internal locus of control, appeared to be critical in supporting military personnel to engage in help-seeking behaviour