Characters of the W3 algebra

Traces of powers of the zero mode in the W3 Algebra have recently been found to be of interest, for example in relation to Black Hole thermodynamics, and arise as the terms in an expansion of the full characters of the algebra. We calculate the first few such powers in two cases. Firstly, we find the traces in the 3-state Potts model by using null vectors to derive modular differential equations for the traces. Secondly, we calculate the exact results for Verma module representations. We compare our two methods with each other and the result of brute-force diagonalisation for low levels and find complete agreement.Comment: v2: Numerous small changes, version to appear in JHEP, 22 pages. v3: Typos corrected, matches published version, 22 page

THE VALUE OF PROTEIN IN FEED BARLEY FOR BEEF, DAIRY, AND SWINE FEEDING

The impact of the protein content of feed barley on the costs of feeding beef, dairy cattle, and swine in Montana is evaluated. A model of least-cost feed rations is constructed to analyze the marginal value of additional protein content in feed barley. The results indicate that increasing the protein content of feed barley above 12% will not substantially increase the value of barley to feeders. This implies that the establishment and maintenance of a protein premium in the feed barley market would tend to result in lower average prices for feed barley because the feed value/protein relationship is concave and the market would be sustaining costs that the inherent value of the commodity could not support.Livestock Production/Industries,

GUIDELINES FOR WESTERN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AUTHORS

This article explains the current editorial procedures and policies of the Western Journal of Agricultural Economics. The contents should be of interest both to readers and to authors who plan to submit manuscripts to the Journal. The current editorial policy of the Journal is discussed, the review and publication process is explained, and detailed guidelines for the proper preparation of manuscripts for the Journal are presented.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Small World Graphs by the iterated "My Friends are Your Friends'' Principle

We study graphs obtained by successive creation and destruction of edges into small neighborhoods of the vertices. Starting with a circle graph of large diameter we obtain small world graphs with logarithmic diameter, high clustering coefficients and a fat tail distribution for the degree. Only local edge formation processes are involved and no preferential attachment was used. Furthermore we found an interesting phase transition with respect to the initial conditions.Comment: Latex, 12 pages with 10 figure

Indications for a slow rotator in the Rapid Burster from its thermonuclear bursting behaviour

We perform time-resolved spectroscopy of all the type I bursts from the Rapid Burster (MXB 1730-335) detected with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. Type I bursts are detected at high accretion rates, up to \sim 45% of the Eddington luminosity. We find evidence that bursts lacking the canonical cooling in their time-resolved spectra are, none the less, thermonuclear in nature. The type I bursting rate keeps increasing with the persistent luminosity, well above the threshold at which it is known to abruptly drop in other bursting low-mass X-ray binaries. The only other known source in which the bursting rate keeps increasing over such a large range of mass accretion rates is the 11 Hz pulsar IGR J17480$-$2446. This may indicate a similarly slow spin for the neutron star in the Rapid Burster

Building a single repository to meet all use cases: a collaboration between institution, researchers and supplier

Repositories have historically focused on a single use case, primarily the capture of traditional (text-based) open access publications, requiring separate solutions for different use cases (e.g. research data). This made capturing the variety of research outputs challenging at the University of Westminster, which engages in practice-based arts research, alongside traditional research. Building on a history of collaboration, Haplo and the University and its research community have built a single, open source repository meeting multiple use cases including text-based and non-text based outputs, portfolios and research data. Made possible through the flexible technical architecture of the Haplo platform, whose underlying technology is based on semantic web principles and meets COAR’s vision for next-generation repositories. Improvements to the repository now enable better capture and display of research outputs across disciplines. Highlights include the development of dynamic portfolios, improved support for non-text based outputs and ongoing engagement with practice-based arts researchers to understand their needs, build workflows, review metadata and build, test and implement a transformed repository

A measurement of the cosmic ray elements C to Fe in the two energy intervals 0.5-2.0 GeV/n and 20-60 GeV/n

The study of the cosmic ray abundances beyond 20 GeV/n provides additional information on the propagation and containment of the cosmic rays in the galaxy. Since the average amount of interstellar material traversed by cosmic rays decreases as its energy increases, the source composition undergoes less distortion in this higher energy region. However, data over a wide energy range is necessary to study propagation parameters. Some measurements of some of the primary cosmic ray abundance ratios at both low (near 2 GeV/n) and high (above 20 GeV/n) energy are given and compared to the predictions of the leaky box mode. In particular, the integrated values (above 23.7 GeV/n) for the more abundant cosmic ray elements in the interval C through Fe and the differential flux for carbon, oxygen, and the Ne, Mg, Si group are presented. Limited statistics prevented the inclusion of the odd Z elements

Characteristics of trapped proton anisotropy at Space Station Freedom altitudes

The ionizing radiation dose for spacecraft in low-Earth orbit (LEO) is produced mainly by protons trapped in the Earth's magnetic field. Current data bases describing this trapped radiation environment assume the protons to have an isotropic angular distribution, although the fluxes are actually highly anisotropic in LEO. The general nature of this directionality is understood theoretically and has been observed by several satellites. The anisotropy of the trapped proton exposure has not been an important practical consideration for most previous LEO missions because the random spacecraft orientation during passage through the radiation belt 'averages out' the anisotropy. Thus, in spite of the actual exposure anisotropy, cumulative radiation effects over many orbits can be predicted as if the environment were isotropic when the spacecraft orientation is variable during exposure. However, Space Station Freedom will be gravity gradient stabilized to reduce drag, and, due to this fixed orientation, the cumulative incident proton flux will remain anisotropic. The anisotropy could potentially influence several aspects of Space Station design and operation, such as the appropriate location for radiation sensitive components and experiments, location of workstations and sleeping quarters, and the design and placement of radiation monitors. Also, on-board mass could possible be utilized to counteract the anisotropy effects and reduce the dose exposure. Until recently only omnidirectional data bases for the trapped proton environment were available. However, a method to predict orbit-average, angular dependent ('vector') trapped proton flux spectra has been developed from the standard omnidirectional trapped proton data bases. This method was used to characterize the trapped proton anisotropy for the Space Station orbit (28.5 degree inclination, circular) in terms of its dependence on altitude, solar cycle modulation (solar minimum vs. solar maximum), shielding thickness, and radiation effect (silicon rad and rem dose)

Developing an ECEC response to the global environmental crisis The potential of the Froebelian-inspired ‘NENE Pedagogy’

This scoping project set out to explore the potential of the concept of ‘Nature Engaging and Nature Enhancing’(NENE) pedagogy as a research and practice focus for the Froebel Trust from 2022. The concept derives from the Froebel Trust funded project ‘A life in and with nature in the period of earliest childhood: understanding provision for 0-2s in English babyrooms.’ This research revealed that whilst the pedagogic potential of the outdoors for babies and toddlers appears to be generally recognised, there is little emphasis on supporting them to engage with the natural characteristics of the outdoor environment. A further concern relates to the way that the outdoor environment is primarily positioned as a resource that supports human (child) development with its potential in terms of biodiversity unacknowledged.NENE pedagogy is a response to these concerns and offersa way of thinking about ECEC that emphasizes practicesthat support both human and planetary health (Josephidou and Kemp, 2022)